Short-term memory limitations in children: Capacity or processing deficits?

Michelene, T. H.

doi:10.3758/bf03213219

Cited by 275 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…The comparison of memory for consonant sequences that cannot be recoded easily and memory for generally known consonant-vowel sequences was compared. Age differences in memory spanwerein fact very dependent on material type (see also Chi, 1976). Only minimal age differences were found for consonant sequences that could easily be integrated, whereas relatively marked developmental differences were obtained for consonant-vowel sequences.…”

Section: Millermentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Development Between 2 and 20

Schneider¹,

Pressley²

1989

Springer Series in Cognitive Development

310

261

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Section: Millermentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Development Between 2 and 20

Schneider¹,

Pressley²

1989

Springer Series in Cognitive Development

310

261

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Instead, performance is determined by subjects' ability to skillfully allocate cognitive resources to the relevant task components (Enns & Brodeur, 1989). Therefore, the poorer performance of younger children is attributable to their use of inadequate strategies in allocating cogmtive resources to task components rather than to their underdeveloped attentional capacity (Chi, 1976;Geffon & Sexton, 1978).…”

Section: Developmentallssues In the Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual filtering and covert orienting in persons with Down syndrome

Randolph¹,

Burack

2000

International Journal of Behavioral Development

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A forced-choice reaction time (RT) task was used to examine the relations between covert orienting (shifts of visual attention independent of eye movement) and filtering (the mhlbition of processing of melevant stllnu11) components of attention in pers'Jns with Down syndrome (n = 17} and children of average intelligence (n = 17) matched for mental age (MA), (MA = approximately 5 years). Conditions varied with regard ta presence or absl.::nce of distractors\ and the validity (valid, invalid, or neutraI) of location .;ues.RT/p(correct) scores of both groups were longer in distractor-present conditions and in conditions when the location cue provided incorrect information (invalid cue). In addition., RT/p(correct) scores of both groups were longer wh en it was nl~cessary to sirnultaneously search for a target :and filter out irn~lfvant information, than when each of these attention demanding tasks was utilized separately. However, there were lIO

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“…Studies on STM capacity have shown that children can recall fewer symbols than adults (e.g., Chi, 1976;Dempster, 1981;Keating & Bobbitt, 1978). This result could indicate that up to about age 13 or 14, STM capacity increases (e.g., Pascual-Leone, 1989a).…”

Section: Short-term Memorymentioning

confidence: 90%

Matching Traffic Safety Strategies to Youth Characteristics: A Literature Review of Cognitive Development

Eby¹,

Molnar²

1998

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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In an effort to reduce the high crash rate and resulting injuries of young drivers, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has sponsored research to assess the factors responsible for this heightened crash risk and to determine the implications for traffic safety programs. As part of this research, this review of research literature was conducted to determine what is known about cognitive development and information processing capabilities of youth. The goal of the project was to ascertain how traffic safety programs should be structured to match these cognitive characteristics. The review is divided into 12 sections. This literature review focuses primarily on cognitive development from about 10 to 24 years of age. The first section is about memory; that is, the processes that allow a person to retain knowledge over time. The second section, attention, discusses the factors related to the development of how people focus cognitive resources on perceptual or mental tasks, including selective, divided, and sustained attention. The third section, learning, discusses the processes by which people acquire information. The fourth section, reasoning, discusses types of reasoning and the problems young people have with this type of thinking. The fifth section, motivation, examines the factors that initiate and influence the intensity of behaviors. The sixth section, is a discussion of the development of risk perception and factors that contribute to the misperception of risk. The seventh section discusses the development of problem solving and decision making in a general way. While influenced by all other cognitive factors and their age-related limitations, general deficits of problem solving and decision making ability are discussed. The eight section, social cognition, covers those topics in the development of social cognition that are likely to have an effect on driving: attribution theory and social schemata/scripts. The ninth section, attitude formation and change, discusses several factors related to attitudes and persuasion. The tenth section examines briefly the development of verbal ability, that is, all use of language. Because many traffic safety messages and programs deal with moral issues in driving, the AcknowledgmentsThis project was sponsored by the United States Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Several individuals provided valuable insight and feedback on this literature review. A group of talented people served as subject-matter experts. This group of experts suggested literature review topics and studies, read and commented on several versions of this manuscript, and participated in a 1-day meeting to discuss the issues involved with cognitive development and traffic safety messages and programs for youth. We thank them for their generous and worthwhile efforts. The people in this group were: Allen Bard, Douglas Bierness, Jacquelynne Eccles, John Hagen, Brian Jonah, Patrick O'Malley, John Palmer, David Rosen, J. Frank Yates, and Marc Z...

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Short-term memory limitations in children: Capacity or processing deficits?

Cited by 275 publications

References 101 publications

Memory Development Between 2 and 20

Memory Development Between 2 and 20

Visual filtering and covert orienting in persons with Down syndrome

Matching Traffic Safety Strategies to Youth Characteristics: A Literature Review of Cognitive Development

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