Short-term longitudinal trends in cognitive performance in older adults with type 2 diabetes

Fischer, Ashley L.; Frias, Cindy M. de; Yeung, Sophie E.; Dixon, Roger A.

doi:10.1080/13803390802537636

Cited by 42 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Studies of older adults have shown that diabetes is associated with worse cognitive performance but not accelerated cognitive decline(51–54). Neuroimaging studies show that diabetes is associated with lower brain volumes but not decreases in brain volumes (55), paralleling the findings for cognitive performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycemia, Diabetes Status, and Cognition in Hispanic Adults Aged 55–64 Years

Luchsinger

Cabral

Eimicke

et al. 2015

Psychosomatic Medicine

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Objective To examine the association of glycemia and diabetes status with cognition among 600 Hispanics aged 55 to 64 years from Northern Manhattan. Methods Diabetes was ascertained by history or Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and pre-diabetes were ascertained with HbA1c. Memory was assessed with the Selective Reminding Test (SRT). Executive abilities were assessed using the Color trails 1 and 2, and verbal fluency test. The cross-sectional association of glycemia and diabetes status with cognitive performance was examined using linear regression. Results Participants were a mean age of 59.2 ± 2.9 years old, 76.7% were women, and more than 65% had pre-diabetes or diabetes. HbA1C (β = − 0.97; p <0.001) and diabetes (β = − 2.06; p = 0.001) were related with lower SRT total recall after adjustment for demographics, education, and vascular risk factors. Pre-diabetes was associated with worse performance in color trails 2 (β = − 6.45 p = 0.022) after full adjustment. Conclusions Higher glycemia and diabetes are related to worse memory and executive abilities in late middle age, while pre-diabetes is related only to worse executive abilities. Longitudinal follow-up is needed to understand the order and progression of these deficits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycemia, Diabetes Status, and Cognition in Hispanic Adults Aged 55–64 Years

Luchsinger

Cabral

Eimicke

et al. 2015

Psychosomatic Medicine

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“…However, there is a clear effect of education attainment on performance [39]. While semantic memory (listing items/words relating to the category) has been shown to be unaffected, neurocognitive speed (number of words/ items listed in 60s or 90s) appeared deficient in early T2DM-related cognitive decline [40]. Most studies included in this review reported the Verbal Fluency Composite Score rather than the raw scores of its subcomponents, yet task performance was both statistically and clinically significantly poorer in adults with T2DM.…”

Section: Verbal Fluency Taskmentioning

confidence: 97%

Assessing Premorbid Cognitive Ability in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—a Review With Implications for Future Intervention Studies

2014

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Associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and accelerated cognitive decline are well established. However, the sensitivity of neuropsychological tests to detect early deficits in cognitively normal adults with T2DM is unknown. This review examined cognitive domains and specific neuropsychological tests that are impaired in T2DM, based on clinically significant differences (effect sizes >0.5) between T2DM and groups without T2DM. Nine cross-sectional studies were identified which reported means and standard deviations for individual tests. Tests of executive function, working memory and psychomotor and attentional functions were found to be impaired in T2DM. Impairments of executive function and choice reaction time may have consequences for everyday functioning, in particular the risk of falls in older adults. More research on cognitive deficits in dual-task situations and how they impact everyday functioning is needed; the Trail Making Task, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Verbal Fluency Task and tests of reaction time and processing speed could be included as core components of test batteries in future intervention studies. They could also be assessed in newly diagnosed T2DM and used to monitor progressive deterioration of cognitive function and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions on cognitive function.

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“…1,2 Cognitive deficits have been reported across many domains, including executive function, memory, learning, and processing speed. [3][4][5][6][7] Despite this, there is not clear evidence that the rate of decline in cognitive function is accelerated among individuals who have T2DM, with some reporting no difference 4,8,9 and others reporting accelerated rates of decline. 10,11 Using data from an annual battery of cognitive tests administered to a large cohort of women who participated in a trial of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT), we investigated the longitudinal patterns of relative deficits in domainspecific cognitive assessments among women with T2DM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cognitive Function and Fine Motor Speed in Older Women with Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging

Espeland

Miller²,

Goveas³

et al. 2011

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: We sought to determine if type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was associated with accelerated decline in domain-specific measures of cognitive function and fine motor speed. Methods: Women aged 65-80 years who were enrolled in a clinical trial of postmenopausal hormone therapy were grouped as having T2DM (n = 179) or not (n = 1984) and followed for an average of 5 years with annual standardized assessments of domain-specific cognitive function. Mean patterns of cognitive measures over time were contrasted between groups using general linear models and Wald tests, with varying levels of covariate adjustment. The influences of age at onset, use of oral medications, and use of insulin were also examined. Results: T2DM was associated with mean deficits of 0.2-0.4 standard deviations (SD) across follow-up in most cognitive domains. Consistent evidence that rates of decline were accelerated among women with T2DM was evident only for verbal knowledge and verbal memory ( p < 0.05). Decrements in fine motor speed, but no measure of cognitive function, were greater for women with earlier onset T2DM. Use of oral diabetes medications was associated with better relative cognitive function. Conclusions: In these women, T2DM was associated with cognitive deficits in most domains. Relative deficits in verbal knowledge and verbal memory may continue to increase after deficits in other domains have stabilized. Relative deficits in fine motor speed may be greater among women with earlier onsets of T2DM. Use of insulin, which may reflect greater T2DM severity, was associated with relatively greater cognitive deficits.

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Short-term longitudinal trends in cognitive performance in older adults with type 2 diabetes

Cited by 42 publications

References 54 publications

Glycemia, Diabetes Status, and Cognition in Hispanic Adults Aged 55–64 Years

Glycemia, Diabetes Status, and Cognition in Hispanic Adults Aged 55–64 Years

Assessing Premorbid Cognitive Ability in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—a Review With Implications for Future Intervention Studies

Cognitive Function and Fine Motor Speed in Older Women with Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging

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