Short term inhalation toxicity of a liquid aerosol of CdS/Cd(OH)2 core shell quantum dots in male Wistar rats

Ma‐Hock, Lan; Brill, Sandra; Wohlleben, Wendel; Farias, Patrícia M. A.; Chaves, Claudilene R.; Tenório, D.P.L.A.; Fontes, Adriana; Santos, Beate S.; Landsiedel, Robert; Strauss, Volker; Treumann, Silke; Ravenzwaay, Bennard van

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.011

Cited by 50 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…Both aspects can be determined after a relatively short exposure period when including specific investigations of the animals. Meanwhile, more than 20 industrially relevant nanomaterials have been tested in the STIS, covering the 13 nanomaterials presented in this study, four carbon-based nanomaterials [34,35], two cadmium-based quantum dots [36,37], one polyacrylate [38], and one pigment [Ma-Hock and co-workers, unpublished observations]. In the following section, the experiences gained with all STIS conducted so far are assessed with the aim of re-evaluating the study design of the STIS and of determining its relevance in predicting nanomaterial effects that develop upon subchronic or chronic exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of short-term inhalation studies to assess the inhalation toxicity of nanomaterials

et al. 2014

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BackgroundA standard short-term inhalation study (STIS) was applied for hazard assessment of 13 metal oxide nanomaterials and micron-scale zinc oxide.MethodsRats were exposed to test material aerosols (ranging from 0.5 to 50 mg/m3) for five consecutive days with 14- or 21-day post-exposure observation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histopathological sections of the entire respiratory tract were examined. Pulmonary deposition and clearance and test material translocation into extra-pulmonary organs were assessed.ResultsInhaled nanomaterials were found in the lung, in alveolar macrophages, and in the draining lymph nodes. Polyacrylate-coated silica was also found in the spleen, and both zinc oxides elicited olfactory epithelium necrosis. None of the other nanomaterials was recorded in extra-pulmonary organs. Eight nanomaterials did not elicit pulmonary effects, and their no observed adverse effect concentrations (NOAECs) were at least 10 mg/m3. Five materials (coated nano-TiO2, both ZnO, both CeO2) evoked concentration-dependent transient pulmonary inflammation. Most effects were at least partially reversible during the post-exposure period.Based on the NOAECs that were derived from quantitative parameters, with BALF polymorphonuclear (PMN) neutrophil counts and total protein concentration being most sensitive, or from the severity of histopathological findings, the materials were ranked by increasing toxic potency into 3 grades: lower toxic potency: BaSO4; SiO2.acrylate (by local NOAEC); SiO2.PEG; SiO2.phosphate; SiO2.amino; nano-ZrO2; ZrO2.TODA; ZrO2.acrylate; medium toxic potency: SiO2.naked; higher toxic potency: coated nano-TiO2; nano-CeO2; Al-doped nano-CeO2; micron-scale ZnO; coated nano-ZnO (and SiO2.acrylate by systemic no observed effect concentration (NOEC)).ConclusionThe STIS revealed the type of effects of 13 nanomaterials, and micron-scale ZnO, information on their toxic potency, and the location and reversibility of effects. Assessment of lung burden and material translocation provided preliminary biokinetic information. Based upon the study results, the STIS protocol was re-assessed and preliminary suggestions regarding the grouping of nanomaterials for safety assessment were spelled out.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of short-term inhalation studies to assess the inhalation toxicity of nanomaterials

et al. 2014

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“…After QDs are administrated to tested animals by injection, they are mainly accumulated in the organs of reticuloendothelial system (RES), including liver, spleen and lymph nodes . Findings of Ma-Hock et al (2012) indicated increased cadmium level in the livers of tested rats. Both of Chen et al (2008) and Lin et al (2008) Nurunnabi et al (2013) The quantitative analysis of biodistribution, showing GQD accumulation in liver, lung and spleen at 2h post-injection.…”

Section: Adverse Effects Of Extrapulmonary Systemsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…What's worse, QDs' deposition in lungs is not easy to clear. Ma-Hock et al (2012) indicated that cadmium levels in the lungs of water soluble CdS/Cd(OH) 2 QDs-treated Wistar rats did not decrease 3 weeks after inhalation exposure. However, clearance rates vary with QDs with different functional coatings or mice with different genotypes.…”

Section: Quantum Dots Disposition In Cells Of Respiratory System or Lmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Additionally, an in vivo study using male Sprague-Dawley mice showed that the concentration of cadmium in kidney, a primary target of cadmium-containing QDs, increased slightly in QD-treated rats by intraperitoneal injection compared to untreated ones (Roberts et al, 2013). Ma-Hock et al (2012) also observed abundant accumulation of QDs in kidney of rats after inhalation exposure. Cadmiumcontaining QDs, even worse, was showed to redistribute with time from body mass to liver and kidney a few days post-dosing (Yang et al, 2007).…”

Section: Adverse Effects Of Extrapulmonary Systemsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Toxicity of quantum dots on respiratory system

Tang²

2014

Inhalation Toxicology

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Quantum dots (QDs), as advanced nanotechnology products, are widely used in the bio-medical field for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes due to their unique properties. Therefore, it becomes important for researchers to elucidate the adverse effects of QDs on human beings. This essay provides an overview of the toxic effects of QDs on respiratory system, which are summarized into two main parts: in vitro toxicity, including reduction of cell viability, genetic material damage and disordered immune cell reactions; as well as in vivo toxicity, involving accumulation of QDs, lung injury and inflammation, and potential long-term adverse effects. As the toxic severity of a QD type depends on its composition, dose, size, surface chemistry and structure, it is a big challenge to determine a benchmark of QDs. Thus, we have to remember that each QD type is a unique nanocrystal, which needs to be assessed individually. However, there are still some feasible recommendations for minimizing the toxicity provided in this review. Overall, more and more large-scale well-organized toxicity studies of different QD types on different species need to be conducted in order to provide guidelines of QDs' safety application.

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“…Toxic effects of Cd NPs have been reported both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems (Li et al 2009(Li et al , 2011Zhao et al 2012;Wang et al 2012;Ma-Hock et al 2012;Mukherjee 2012, 2013;Bu et al 2013), but the exact mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. In general, elevation of intracellular oxidative stress is suggested to be the major reason of metal NPs toxicity both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems (Choi and Hu 2008;Klaine et al 2008;Park et al 2008;Mukherjee 2012, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of cadmium nanoparticles toBacillus subtilis

Hossain

Das

Mukherjee

2013

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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The study deals with the toxicological impact of cadmium nanoparticles (Cd NPs) on Bacillus subtilis as a model Gram-positive bacterium. Cadmium oxide (CdO) NPs ($22 nm) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) NPs ($3 nm) were used in this study. Both the NPs were found to inhibit the cell viability of B. subtilis when added to the culture at mid-log phase, the viable cell number declined with increasing concentration of Cd NPs. At mid-log phase, 15 mg L À1 CdO NPs inhibited growth by $50%, whereas at 30 mg L À1 growth completely ceased. Under the same conditions, CdS NPs inhibited growth by $50% at a concentration of 8 mg L À1 , and at 20 mg L À1 growth was completely retarded. The cells changed their morphological features to a filamentous form with increasing Cd NPs exposure time, leading to associated with clumping. NPs treated cells when stained with 4 0 , 6-diamino-2-phenylindole, showed filamentous multinucleated bead structure, suggesting irregularities in cell division. Increasing intracellular oxidative stress due to Cd NPs exposure might be one of the reasons for the cell morphological changes and toxicity in B. subtilis.

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Short term inhalation toxicity of a liquid aerosol of CdS/Cd(OH)2 core shell quantum dots in male Wistar rats

Cited by 50 publications

References 33 publications

Application of short-term inhalation studies to assess the inhalation toxicity of nanomaterials

Application of short-term inhalation studies to assess the inhalation toxicity of nanomaterials

Toxicity of quantum dots on respiratory system

Toxicity of cadmium nanoparticles toBacillus subtilis

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