Short-Term Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy and Caloric Restriction on Blood Pressure in Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Rodríguez, Amaia; Becerril, Sara; Valentí, Víctor; Moncada, Rafael; Méndez‐Giménez, Leire; Ramírez, Beatriz; Lancha, Andoni; Martín, Marina; Burrell, Marı́a A.; Catalán, Victoria; Gómez-Ambrosi, Javier; Frühbeck, Gema

doi:10.1007/s11695-012-0702-4

Cited by 43 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…27 The initial caloric restriction to 40 kcal/d was chosen to mimic human dieting 28 and successfully produced a significant reduction in body weight during the 4-week period, consistent with that observed in other rodent models. 21,22,29 Consistent with previous studies reporting the beneficial effects of WL on cardiovascular risk factors, 13,21,30 we also found circulating leptin and insulin levels were reduced to normal at the end of the 4-week caloric restriction period. The increases in systolic blood pressure associated with obesity were reversed after caloric restriction; however, diastolic blood pressure was only restored to control levels at the end of the 4-week WM period, suggesting that reversal of obesity-induced hypertension required sustained WL.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In agreement with human obesity 23 and rat models of diet-induced obesity, 21,24,25 high-fat feeding was associated with hypertension and hyperleptinemia. In contrast to the human phenotype, blood glucose levels were unaltered in obesity; however, overt hyperglycaemia has rarely been reported in studies using Sprague-Dawley rats 26 and in agreement with our data, insulin resistance is common and its severity seems to be dependent on the fat content of the diet and duration of feeding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…18 Few studies have been specially designed to determine the effects of WL produced by dietary intervention in obesity; however, the majority of clinical trials and animal studies have reported a beneficial effect of diet-induced WL on blood pressure 13,19,20 and adipokine balance, [20][21][22] along with improvements in the inflammatory profile. 9,22 Investigation into the mechanisms involved in any improvement in PVAT function could lead to identification of much needed novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity-related hypertension and cardiovascular disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Obesity-Related Perivascular Adipose Tissue Damage Is Reversed by Sustained Weight Loss in the Rat

Bussey

Withers

Aldous

et al. 2016

ATVB

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Objective-Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) exerts an anticontractile effect in response to various vasoconstrictor agonists, and this is lost in obesity. A recent study reported that bariatric surgery reverses the damaging effects of obesity on PVAT function. However, PVAT function has not been characterized after weight loss induced by caloric restriction, which is often the first line treatment for obesity. Approach and Results-Contractility studies were performed using wire myography on small mesenteric arteries with and without PVAT from control, diet-induced obese, calorie restricted and sustained weight loss rats. Changes in the PVAT environment were assessed using immunohistochemistry. PVAT from healthy animals elicited an anticontractile effect in response to norepinephrine. This was abolished in diet-induced obesity through a mechanism involving increased local tumor necrosis factor-α and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability within PVAT. Sustained weight loss led to improvement in PVAT function associated with restoration of adipocyte size, reduced tumor necrosis factor-α, and increased nitric oxide synthase function. This was associated with reversal of obesity-induced hypertension and normalization of plasma adipokine levels, including leptin and insulin. Conclusions-We have shown that diet-induced weight loss reverses obesity-induced PVAT damage through a mechanism involving reduced inflammation and increased nitric oxide synthase activity within PVAT. These data reveal inflammation and nitric oxide synthase, particularly endothelial nitric oxide synthase, as potential targets for the treatment of PVAT dysfunction associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obesity-Related Perivascular Adipose Tissue Damage Is Reversed by Sustained Weight Loss in the Rat

Bussey

Withers

Aldous

et al. 2016

ATVB

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“…Although, there was no decrease in ghrelin levels in the diversion group, ghrelin levels decreased signifi cantly in sleeve gastrectomy group (6). Moreover, other studies show a signifi cant decrease in ghrelin levels in gastric resections including fundus (12). In patients with total gastrectomy, ghrelin levels found to be 50 % lower than in healthy individuals (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The effect of fundus resection on weight loss and ghrelin levels in rats

Okuş¹,

Sevinç²,

Karahan³

et al. 2016

BLL

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BACKGROUND: Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide that is isolated mainly from the oxyntic glands of the stomach, especially fundus. Ghrelin administration, either centrally or peripherally, increases food intake and body weight in both rodents and humans. This study evaluates the effects of fundus resection and sclerosing agent injection on ghrelin level and weight loss. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups. In group 1, NaCl was injected into the submucosal space at the gastric fundus while in Group 2, a sclerosing agent was injected into the latter site. In group 3, gastric fundus was resected. Ghrelin levels and weight were recorded. RESULTS: In group 1, rats continued gaining weight and ghrelin levels stayed stable. In group 2, rats' weight and ghrelin levels stayed stable and in group 3, while weight stayed stable, ghrelin levels decreased signifi cantly. CONCLUSION: In rats, the resection of fundus stabilizes weight gain and decreases ghrelin levels. However, in sclerotherapy, although weight gain was stabilized, there was no decrease in ghrelin levels. In humans, the effect of fundus resection on weight gain can usher in a new era of investigation (Tab. 2, Ref. 16). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

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“…Although they showed a BP decrease in the pair-feeding and caloric restriction rats, SG rats had the lowest blood pressure level which constitutes an evidence of mechanisms beyond weight loss [21].…”

Section: Experimental Evidencementioning

confidence: 84%

The Role of Metabolic Surgery on Blood Pressure Control

Schiavon

Drager

Bortolotto

et al. 2016

Curr Atheroscler Rep

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Obesity and hypertension are growing epidemics in the modern world. Lifestyle changes and medical treatment for obesity have disappointing long-term results and albeit drugs for hypertension are usually very effective, the necessity of multiple pills and frequent side effects make the adherence to treatment a huge challenge for healthcare systems. Bariatric/metabolic surgery is a very effective treatment and an exponential number of studies have been showing its positive impact beyond weight loss, mainly on type 2 diabetes. There is also growing evidence suggesting that bariatric/metabolic surgery is associated with reduced incidence of cardiovascular events, but the impact on hypertension and other components of metabolic syndrome usually derive from trials' secondary end points. Taking this limitation in mind, bariatric/metabolic surgery action on blood pressure is reaching a significant proportion of hypertension resolution or improvement. In this review, we discussed the current evidence on the impact of bariatric/metabolic surgery on blood pressure control and pointed out perspectives in this research area.

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Short-Term Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy and Caloric Restriction on Blood Pressure in Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Abstract: Our findings provide evidence that the beneficial effects of sleeve gastrectomy on blood pressure values are beyond weight loss in rats with diet-induced obesity.

Cited by 43 publications

References 42 publications

Obesity-Related Perivascular Adipose Tissue Damage Is Reversed by Sustained Weight Loss in the Rat

Obesity-Related Perivascular Adipose Tissue Damage Is Reversed by Sustained Weight Loss in the Rat

The effect of fundus resection on weight loss and ghrelin levels in rats

The Role of Metabolic Surgery on Blood Pressure Control

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