Short-term effects of ozone on the lung

Enhancement of ozone‐induced lung injury by exercise

“…Ozone is a prominent component of photochemical air pollution, and its toxic properties are well documented. Humans experimentally exposed to ozone at concentrations observed in urban air pollution exhibit decreases in maximum work performance and decrements in pulmonary function, including development of rapid-shallow breathing patterns and declines in timed forced expiratory volumes (Bates et al, 1972;Hazucha et al, 1973;Folinsbee et al, 1975Folinsbee et al, , 1977Folinsbee et al, , 1978Silverman et al, 1976;DeLucia and Adams, 1977;Adams et al, 1981;Adams and Schelegel, 1983;McDonnell et al, 1983). Pulmonary-function decrements observed following exposures during exercise are greater than for exposures to the same concentrations at rest.…”

“…Pulmonary-function decrements observed following exposures during exercise are greater than for exposures to the same concentrations at rest. For example, ozone concentrations as low as 0.37 ppm can produce effects during exercise that are not observed for that concentration at rest (Bates et al, 1972;Hazucha et al, 1973;Silverman et al, 1976). Particularly sensitive subjects have been reported to respond to ozone concentrations as low as 0.15 ppm inhaled during heavy exercise (DeLucia and Adams, 1977).…”

Assessment of the health effects of atmospheric sulfur oxides and particulate matter: evidence from observational studies.

“…Many health endpoints, including lung function, hospital admission and frequency of symptoms, also are measured with substantial variability. When an association between air pollution and health is found, collinearity (high correlation) of sulfur oxide and particulate concentrations (7) and the possibility of complex chemical interactions reported from laboratory studies (8,9) frequently make it difficult to associate the effect with either pollutant alone (10).…”

Current toxicological information as the basis for sulfur oxide standards.

“…There is a consensus among scientists that the inhalation of 1 ppm sulfur dioxide for approximately 2 hr may produce alterations in pulmonary ventilatory function, both in normal and asthmatic subjects (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). On the other hand, the results of human exposure to 0.5 ppm are more controversial, since there are three studies that show a positive influence on ventilatory function (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) and six studies that do not show such effects (19,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). The ability to perceive odor at either level of sulfur dioxide is highly variable (30)(31)(32).…”