Short-Term Effects of Gaseous Pollutants and Particulate Matter on Daily Hospital Admissions for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease in Lanzhou: Evidence from a Heavily Polluted City in China

Abstract

Panel studies show a consistent association between increase in the cardiovascular hospitalizations with air pollutants in economically developed regions, but little evidence in less developed inland areas. In this study, a time-series analysis was used to examine the specific effects of major air pollutants [particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxides (NO2)] on daily hospital admissions for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in Lanzhou, a heavily polluted city in China. We examined the effects of air pollutants for stratified groups by age and gender, and conducted the modifying effect of seasons on air pollutants to test the possible interaction. The significant associations were found between PM10, SO2 and NO2 and cardiac disease admissions, SO2 and NO2 were found to be associated with the cerebrovascular disease admissions. The elderly was associated more strongly with gaseous pollutants than younger. The modifying effect of seasons on air pollutants also existed. The significant effect of gaseous pollutants (SO2 and NO2) was found on daily hospital admissions even after adjustment for other pollutants except for SO2 on cardiac diseases. In a word, this study provides the evidence for the detrimental short-term health effects of urban gaseous pollutants on cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in Lanzhou.

Short‐term Changes in Ambient Particulate Matter and Risk of Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

“…Of these, 3 studies including Chan et al, Nascimento et al, and Wordley et al reported a positive, statistically significant association between PM 10 and cerebrovascular hospitalization. Five additional studies reported positive associations that did not reach statistical significance and the remaining 4 studies found no evidence of a positive association. The random‐effects summary estimate suggests a nonsignificant 0.3% (95% CI −0.1% to 0.8%) higher risk of cerebrovascular hospitalizations per 10‐μg/m 3 increase in PM 10 (Figure ).…”

“…We reviewed 12 studies of the association between PM 10 and hospitalization for the composite end point of all cerebrovascular disease (Figure ). Of these, 3 studies including Chan et al, Nascimento et al, and Wordley et al reported a positive, statistically significant association between PM 10 and cerebrovascular hospitalization.…”

Identifying Air Pollution Risk Factors for Respiratory Disease Using Quantitative Computational Method

“…This computational method was realized by C4.5 decision tree with high accuracy, which different from the previous studies. Meta-analysis [13], time-series [14,15] and case-crossover [16,17] were used more in these related works. The APHENA (Air Pollution and Health: A Combined European and North American Approach) study applied meta-regression approaches [2] and multi-cities time-series [18] to research the effect of air pollution on population health.…”

Size Distribution and Optical Properties of Particulate Matter (PM10) and Black Carbon (BC) during Dust Storms and Local Air Pollution Events across a Loess Plateau Site

“…The boxes and whiskers denote the 10th, 25th, 50th (median), 75th, and 90th percentiles of the data, with dots marking average values. The BC concentration in this campaign was measured by AE-31 and MAAP from Coatabile et al, 2010;Zheng et al, 2013). However, the concentration of BC, originating from biomass and fossil-fuel burning, was even higher in the cold season of 2009.…”

“…SACOL is located on the Loess Plateau at the western edge of the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province (south of the Yellow River), about 48 km southeast of central Lanzhou. The motivation for establishing this site was to develop a deeper understanding of the physical and optical properties of PM 10 and BC in the semi-arid and arid regions near the border of the Loess Plateau and to investigate the impacts of natural and anthropogenic pollution on the regional climate Costabile et al, 2010;Zhang and Li, 2011;Zheng et al, 2013). The characteristic ecosystems at SACOL include various types of vegetation, such as needle-leaf tree, short grass, meadow, marsh/desert, marsh/semi-desert, irrigated crop, and glacier/snow.…”