Short-Term Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on Hospitalization for Respiratory Disease in Taiyuan, China: A Time-Series Analysis

Abstract

In this study, we estimated the short-term effects of ambient air pollution on respiratory disease hospitalization in Taiyuan, China. Daily data of respiratory disease hospitalization, daily concentration of ambient air pollutants and meteorological factors from 1 October 2014 to 30 September 2017 in Taiyuan were included in our study. We conducted a time-series study design and applied a generalized additive model to evaluate the association between every 10-μg/m3 increment of air pollutants and percent increase of respiratory disease hospitalization. A total of 127,565 respiratory disease hospitalization cases were included in this study during the present period. In single-pollutant models, the effect values in multi-day lags were greater than those in single-day lags. PM2.5 at lag02 days, SO2 at lag03 days, PM10 and NO2 at lag05 days were observed to be strongly and significantly associated with respiratory disease hospitalization. No significant association was found between O3 and respiratory disease hospitalization. SO2 and NO2 were still significantly associated with hospitalization after adjusting for PM2.5 or PM10 into two-pollutant models. Females and younger population for respiratory disease were more vulnerable to air pollution than males and older groups. Therefore, some effective measures should be taken to strengthen the management of the ambient air pollutants, especially SO2 and NO2, and to enhance the protection of the high-risk population from air pollutants, thereby reducing the burden of respiratory disease caused by ambient air pollution.

Effect of probiotics on nasal and intestinal microbiota in people with high exposure to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study

“…Clinical epidemiological evidence has demonstrated that symptoms of chronic bronchitis and abnormal pulmonary function are closely related to exposure to PM2.5 [35,36]. Both short-term and long-term exposure to PM2.5 can directly lead to an increase in the incidence of respiratory diseases, clinical consultation rates, and hospitalization rates [37][38][39]. The microorganisms carried by PM2.5 induce the pro-inflammatory response of resident immune cells, increase intestinal permeability, and change the lumen environment of the intestine, leading to growth of specific microbial strains better suited for survival in an inflammatory environment.…”

Association between ambient air pollution and in vitro fertilization pregnancy outcomes in Taiyuan: A retrospective study in a heavy polluted city in northern China

“…Taiyuan, is a typical heavy industry city characterized by coal-burning pollution, mainly comes from the exhaust emissions of the heavy industries and coalred heating in winter [5]. With the rapid development of urbanization, motor vehicle exhaust emissions have become one of the main sources of air pollution in Taiyuan city [23].…”

“…Air pollutant is a complex mixture of gaseous components, solid and liquid suspended particles in the air [1], mainly includes particulate matter ≤ 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 10 ), particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ). Several studies have shown that air pollution has a variety of negative effects on human health, such as cardiovascular diseases [2,3], respiratory diseases [4,5], type 2 diabetes mellitus [6], mental disease [7,8], and so on. In recent years, more evidences showed that there was a correlation between ambient air pollution and human reproductive outcomes, such as infertility, preeclampsia, miscarriage and preterm delivery [9,10].…”

Characteristics of nasal and intestinal microbiota and effects of probiotics intervention in highly exposed people with PM2.5: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study

“…Clinical epidemiological evidence has demonstrated that symptoms of chronic bronchitis and abnormal pulmonary function are closely related to exposure to PM2.5 [24,25]. Both short-term and long-term exposure to PM2.5 can directly lead to an increase in the incidence of respiratory diseases, clinical consultation rates, and hospitalization rates [26][27][28]. The microorganisms carried by PM2.5 induce the pro-inflammatory response of resident immune cells, increase intestinal permeability, and change the lumen environment of the intestine, leading to growth of specific microbial strains better suited for survival in an inflammatory environment.…”