Short-term effects of air temperature on blood markers of coagulation and inflammation in potentially susceptible individuals

Abstract

Objectives Changes in air temperature are associated with an increase in cardiovascular events, but the role of procoagulant and proinflammatory blood markers is still poorly understood. The authors investigated the association between air temperature and fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C reactive protein in two potentially susceptible groups. Methods This prospective panel study was conducted between March 2007 and December 2008 in Augsburg, Germany. The study population comprised 187 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance and 87 participants with genetic polymorphisms on the detoxification and inflammation pathways. Overall, 1766 repeated blood measurements were collected. Hourly meteorology data were available from a central measurement site. The association between temperature and blood markers was analysed with additive mixed models. Results For type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance participants, the authors observed immediate, lagged and cumulative increases in fibrinogen (range of percentage changes in geometric mean: 0.6%e0.8%) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (6.0%e10.1%) in association with a 58C temperature decrement. Participants with a body mass index above 30 kg/m 2 as well as females showed particularly strong fibrinogen effects. In participants with the special genetic background, 58C decreases in the 5-day average of temperature led to a change of 8.0% (95% CI 0.5% to 16.2%) in interleukin-6 and of À8.4% (95% CI À15.8% to À0.3%) in high-sensitivity C reactive protein, the latter driven by physically active individuals. Conclusions The authors observed different temperature effects on blood markers in two potentially susceptible groups probably indicating varying underlying biological mechanisms. This study results might provide a link between temperature and cardiovascular events.

The cold effects on circulatory inflammation, thrombosis and vasoconstriction in type 2 diabetic patients

“…However, the potential for outdoor temperature to affect systemic inflammation, thrombus formation and/or vasoconstriction as parts of the mechanisms leading to cardiovascular mortality has scarcely been studied. To our knowledge, only a few studies from North America and Western Europe have evaluated associations between ambient temperature and biomarkers related to cardiovascular outcomes, and their findings were inconsistent (Schneider et al, 2008;Hampel et al, 2010;Halonen et al, 2010;Lanzinger et al, 2014;Schauble et al, 2012). More importantly, these associations have rarely been examined in Asian countries (Hong et al, 2012) and none have been conducted in China, where the climatic conditions probably differ from other areas.…”

“…Sixteen biomarkers that have been identified to be related to temperature variation or particulate air pollution in previous studies were measured in this study, including C-reactive protein (CRP) (Hampel et al, 2010;Hong et al, 2012), Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF) (Masubuchi et al, 1998), interleukin-1b (IL-1b) (Schauble et al, 2012), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (Halonen et al, 2010), interleukin-8 (IL-8) (Halonen et al, 2010), interleukin-10 (IL-10) (Zuurbier et al, 2011), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (Shaw et al, 2011), P-selectin (Delfino et al, 2009), soluble vascular cell adhesion modecule-1 (sVCAM-1) (Halonen et al, 2010), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) (Hampel et al, 2010), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (Wilker et al, 2012), fibrinogen (Schauble et al, 2012), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (Schauble et al, 2012), von Willebrand factor (vWF) (Lanzinger et al, 2014), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) (Hampel et al, 2010) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) (Wilker et al, 2012).…”

Particulate air pollution and circulating biomarkers among type 2 diabetic mellitus patients: the roles of particle size and time windows of exposure

“…In the basic model, we included several covariates as fixed-effect terms: (1) an indicator variable of "month" of blood sampling to exclude monthly trends in these biomarkers; (2) an indicator variable for "day of the week"; (3) the moving average of mean temperature and relative humidity on the concurrent day and previous 3 days to control for the confounding effects of weather conditions (Schauble et al, 2012); (4) individual characteristics including age, sex, body mass index, income, duration of T2DM and baseline levels of fasting blood glucose; (5) binary variables (yes vs. no) for regular intake of statins, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic or anti-hypertensive agents; and (6) binary variable (yes vs. no) for regular intake of oral antioxidant supplements. After the basic model was established, single-pollutant models were used to examine the association between each PM size fraction and a biomarker.…”

Urban air pollution and effects on biomarkers of systemic inflammation and coagulation: a panel study in healthy adults

“…CRP is one of several inflammation biomarkers found to be associated with future risk of coronary heart disease (Pai et al, 2004). Apart from air pollutants, also meteorological factors, like temperature, have been shown to be associated with blood biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation (Schäuble et al, 2012).…”