Short-term effects of air pollution exposure on the risk of preterm birth in Xi’an, China

Yang, Lei; Xie, Gongnan; Yang, Wenfang; Wang, Ruiqi; Zhang, Bo‐xing; Xu, Mengmeng; Sun, Landi; Xu, Xu; Xiang, Wanwan; Cui, Xiaoxu; Luo, Yiwen; Chung, Mei

doi:10.1080/07853890.2022.2163282

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…He et al showed a correlation between SO 2 and preterm birth in mid- and late-pregnancy, which is similar to our results [ 35 ]. A study of short-term exposure to air pollutants in preterm birth in Xi'an, China, demonstrated a correlation between SO 2 and preterm birth [ 36 ]. Some studies have found that exposure to high levels of CO in early pregnancy and throughout pregnancy leads to an increased risk of very preterm birth [ 37 ], this is similar to our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between air pollutants and preterm birth and blood routine changes in typical river valley city

Li,

Gu,

Liu

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Objective To collect maternal maternity information on preterm births in two tertiary hospitals in the urban area of Baota District, Yan'an City, from January 2018 to December 2020, to explore the long-term and short-term effects of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3) and preterm births, and to explore changes in blood cell counts due to air pollutants. Methods Daily average mass concentration data of six air pollutants in the urban area of Yan'an City from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020 were collected from the monitoring station in Baota District, Yan'an City. Meteorological information was obtained from the Meteorological Bureau of Yan'an City, including temperature,relative humidity and wind speed for the time period. The mass concentration of air pollutants in each exposure window of pregnant women was assessed by the nearest monitoring station method, and conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between air pollutants and preterm births, as well as the lagged and cumulative effects of air pollutants. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the relationship between air pollutants and blood tests after stepwise linear regression was used to determine confounders for each blood test. Results The long-term effects of pollutants showed that PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2and CO were risk factors for preterm birth. In the two-pollutant model, PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 mixed with other pollutants were associated with preterm birth. The lagged effect showed that PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO, and CO were associated with preterm birth; the cumulative effect showed that other air pollutants except O3 were associated with preterm birth. The correlation study between air pollutants and blood indicators showed that air pollutants were correlated with leukocytes, monocytes, basophils, erythrocytes, hs-CRPand not with CRP. Conclusion Exposure to air pollutants is a risk factor for preterm birth. Exposure to air pollutants was associated with changes in leukocytes, monocytes, basophils and erythrocytes and hs-CRP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between air pollutants and preterm birth and blood routine changes in typical river valley city

Li,

Gu,

Liu

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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“…In addition, only a few studies have observed associations between neighborhood deprivation and the prevalence of birth defects overall, but one showed an association between increased neighborhood deprivation and higher prevalence of gastroschisis ( 50 , 78 ). Some studies report positive associations with air pollution and preterm birth, especially with NO 2 ( 79 – 81 ). Further research has identified that neighborhood deprivation is associated with increased preterm birth risk and one study demonstrated that neighborhood deprivation and urbanicity are associated with a higher risk, implying that there may be risks associated with the interaction between neighborhood deprivation and traffic-related air pollution ( 38 , 64 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining modification of the associations between air pollution and birth outcomes by neighborhood deprivation in a North Carolina birth cohort, 2011–2015

Cowan,

Krajewski,

Jimenez

et al. 2024

Front. Reprod. Health

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BackgroundEvidence from studies of air pollutants and birth outcomes suggests an association, but uncertainties around geographical variability and modifying factors still remain. As neighborhood-level social characteristics are associated with birth outcomes, we assess whether neighborhood deprivation level is an effect measure modifier on the association between air pollution and birth outcomes in a North Carolina birth cohort.MethodsUsing birth certificate data, all North Carolina residential singleton live births from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2015 with gestational ages of 20–44 weeks (n = 566,799) were examined for birth defect diagnoses and preterm birth. Exposures were daily average fine particulate matter (PM2.5), daily 8-h maximum nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and daily 8-h maximum ozone (O3) modeled concentrations, and the modifier of interest was the neighborhood deprivation index (NDI). Linear binomial models were used to estimate the prevalence differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between ambient air pollution and birth defect diagnoses. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate risk differences (RDs) and 95% CIs for air pollution and preterm birth. Models were stratified by the neighborhood deprivation index group (low, medium, or high) to assess potential modification by NDI.ResultsApproximately 3.1% of the study population had at least one birth defect and 8.18% were born preterm. For preterm birth, associations with PM2.5 and O3 did not follow a conclusive pattern and there was no evidence of modification by NDI. The associations between NO2 and preterm birth were generally negative across exposure windows except for a positive association with NO2 and preterm birth for high NDI [RD: 34.70 (95% CI 4.84–64.56)] for entire pregnancy exposure. There was no evidence of associations between pollutants examined and birth defects.ConclusionsThere may be differences in the association between NO2 exposure and preterm birth by NDI but we did not observe any evidence of associations for birth defects. Our results support the public health protection afforded by reductions in air pollution, even in areas of neighborhood deprivation, but future research conducted in areas with higher levels of air pollution and evaluating the potential for modification by neighborhood deprivation level would be informative.

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“…There is a lack of assessment of exposure in different trimesters of pregnancy, and the mechanisms by which air pollution affects the growth and development of the fetus [75]. Exposure to air pollution during late pregnancy can cause inflammation and, by causing hypoperfusion of the placenta, lead to preterm birth (PTB) [76].…”

Section: Causes Of Oxidative Stress In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Metabolic and Environmental Factors in the Occurrence of Oxidative Stress during Pregnancy

Jovandaric¹,

Babic²,

Raus

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Metabolic changes in pregnant women begin in the first weeks after conception under the influence of placental hormones that affect the metabolism of all nutrients. An increased concentration of total lipids accompanies pregnancy and an increased accumulation of triglycerides in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) particles. Lipids in small dense LDL particles are more susceptible to oxidative modification than normal-density LDL particles. Unlike LDL high-density lipoproteins (HDL), lipoprotein particles have an atheroprotective role in lipid metabolism. The very growth of the fetus depends on the nutrition of both parents, so obesity is not only in the mother but also in the father. Nutritional programming of the offspring occurs through changes in lipid metabolism and leads to an increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Pregnancy is accompanied by an increased need for oxygen in the mitochondria of the placenta and a tendency to develop oxidative stress. Oxidative stress represents a disturbance in the balance of oxidation–reduction processes in the body that occurs due to the excessive production of free oxygen radicals that cellular homeostatic mechanisms are unable to neutralize. When the balance with the antioxidant system is disturbed, which happens when free oxygen radicals are in high concentrations, serious damage to biological molecules occurs, resulting in a series of pathophysiological and pathological changes, including cell death. Therefore, oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of many complications that can occur during pregnancy. The oxidative status of pregnant women is also influenced by socioeconomic living conditions, lifestyle habits, diet, smoking, and exposure to environmental air pollution. During a healthy pregnancy, the altered lipid profile and oxidative stress create an increased risk for premature birth and pregnancy-related diseases, and a predisposition to adult diseases.

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Short-term effects of air pollution exposure on the risk of preterm birth in Xi’an, China

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

The relationship between air pollutants and preterm birth and blood routine changes in typical river valley city

The relationship between air pollutants and preterm birth and blood routine changes in typical river valley city

Examining modification of the associations between air pollution and birth outcomes by neighborhood deprivation in a North Carolina birth cohort, 2011–2015

The Importance of Metabolic and Environmental Factors in the Occurrence of Oxidative Stress during Pregnancy

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