Short-term effects of a simulated acid rain upon the growth and nutrient relations of Pinus strobus, L.

Wood, Tim; Bormann, Franz–Josef

doi:10.1007/bf00285546

Cited by 103 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Conifers such as Abies firma and P/cea sitchensis have shown reduced growth and earlier needle-shed when treated with acid fog or acid mist for more than two years (Carreira et al, 1997;Igawa et al, 1997). Nevertheless, expression of such adverse effects may be delayed because of a soil's acid-buffering capacity (Wood and Bormann, 1977;Likens et al, 1996). For example, twoyear-old P. densiflora seedlings exhibited a decrease in photochemical reactions after growing four months in soil pretreated with an H2SO4 solution .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Responses of maternal siblings ofPinus densiflora to simulated add rain

Kang

Lee

2001

J. Plant Biol.

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Because most research on acid rain does not consider the genetic composition of seeds and the inherent variations in seed mass and germination date, the potentially diverse patterns of plant response are neglected within a population. Therefore, we examined the effects of both family identity and simulated acid rain on Pinus densiflora seedlings over a 34-week period, beginning at germination. We were able to evaluate the importance of family and pH treatment independent of seed mass and germination date by considering the latter two variables as covariates. Seeds were collected from six randomly chosen trees that were assumed to represent different genotypes. After germination in a controlled environment, the seedlings were moved outdoors. Each was then subjected twice a week to 40 mL of simulated acid rain, at a pH of either 3.0 or 5.6. We examined variations in germination date, seedling height, needle numbers and lengths, and mot and shoot masses. The maternal family effect was significant for all characters over the entire test period. Strong effects of pH treatment were detected only at the later growth stages. Artificial rain with a pH of 3.0 enhanced growth rates, particularly aboveground, compared with seedlings treated with pH 5.6 rain. However, regardless of pH, certain groups of maternal siblings consistently performed better in almost all parameters. The exception was for mean germination date, which differed among families only at a pH of 3.0. Therefore, although we demonstrated that acid rain affected both the date of germination as well as seedling growth rates in P. densiflora, the responses differed among maternal families, and were also associated with seed mass and germination date.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Responses of maternal siblings ofPinus densiflora to simulated add rain

Kang

Lee

2001

J. Plant Biol.

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“…While acidification may be a problem in slightly acid, poorly buffered soils, other effects on soil chemistry are likely to have larger and more direct effects on the biota (Johnson and others 1982). These include promotion of plant growth due to increased nitrogen mineralization and the addition of HNO3 (Wood and Bormann 1976, Tveite and Abrahamsen 1980, Tamm and Wiklander 1980 and toxic effects due to A1 mobilization (Ulrich and others 1980).…”

Section: Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of methods for determining adverse impacts of air pollution on terrestrial ecosystems

Sigal

Suter

1987

Environmental Management

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Methods used to determine adverse impacts of air pollution on four levels of biological organization of terrestrial ecosystems were evaluated for their use in decision making by federal land managers of class I areas and as guidelines for scientists employed to design field studies in these areas. At the level of the individual, visible injury, biomass, and sulfur uptake were the most often used components; at the population level, natality and mortality; at the community level, diversity; and at the ecosystem level, biogeochemical cycling. Most studies focused on structural responses of individual organisms. These components are relatively sensitive and are easy and !nexpensive to measure; however, linkages of these parameters to adverse impacts on populations, communities, or ecosystems are lacking. Measurements of effects of air pollution at the higher levels of organization are confounded by natural variability, long response times, climatic variation, pathogens, and other factors. In addition, the lack of replication and of true control areas creates severe problems for design of monitoring programs and testing of hypotheses concerning effects.

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“…16 Lee and Weber 20 reported that, in general, growth of eleven woody species was also unaffected by simulated acid rain. Wood and Bormann 21 and Raynal et al, 22 however, observed a stimulation in seedling biomass accumulation in white pine and sugar maple at an artificial rainfall pH of 3.0 or less which they attributed to the addition of nitrate to a nutrient limiting soil system.…”

Section: Simulated Acidic Rain and Gaseous Pollutant Effects On Vegetmentioning

confidence: 99%