Short-Term Effect of Poly Lactic Acid Microplastics Uptake by Earthworms, Eudrilus eugeniae.

Abstract

The uptake of polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics, the most commonly used biodegradable plastics by earthworms Eudrilus eugeniae was investigated by observing their weight changes, biomass and the microplastics concentration after feeding them with a mixture of PLA and cow dung for 16 days at the concentrations of 0%, 10%, 30%, 60%, and 80% w/w dry weight. The mortality rate of the earthworms for all the PLA concentrations during the 16 days of feeding period was 0%. However, the microplastic affected the earthworms' weight significantly (P-value 0.00027), especially at the concentration of 80% of PLA. The earthworms had the lowest weight gain at 80%, followed by 60%, 30%, and 10% of PLA, respectively. The earthworms subjected to 80% and 10% of PLA had a similar pattern with the control. This was perhaps due to the high organic matter in the worm’s feed for the 10% PLA and the digestion mechanisms, which led the earthworms to preserve their energy and become less active in the 80% PLA, compared to all the other treatments. The PLA microplastics concentration factor (CF) in the vermicast was the highest at the 10 % PLA compared to other treatments, because Eudrilus eugeniae did not degrade the PLA. This study concludes that even though PLA is a biopolymer-based, it cannot be bio- assimilated by the earthworm.

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Rainfall Trends in Response to Climate Change—A Case Study: Syria

“…Kattan [28] studied the hydrological and environmental features of surface and groundwater in the Barada and Awaj basins in Damascus. Only a few studies have examined Syria's overall water resources [29,30]. Furthermore, the impact of climate change on water resources was not taken into account in prior research.…”