Short-term differential training decreases postural sway

James, Eric Guy

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.06.020

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…DL shows increased acquisition rates as well as increased rates in motor learning (Beckmann and Schöllhorn, 2006 ; Savelsbergh et al, 2010 ). Evidence for the beneficial effects of DL on postural sway is shown in a study by James ( 2014 ). A detailed overview is given by Beckmann ( 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Post-task Effects on EEG Brain Activity Differ for Various Differential Learning and Contextual Interference Protocols

Henz

John

Merz

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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A large body of research has shown superior learning rates in variable practice compared to repetitive practice. More specifically, this has been demonstrated in the contextual interference (CI) and in the differential learning (DL) approach that are both representatives of variable practice. Behavioral studies have indicate different learning processes in CI and DL. Aim of the present study was to examine immediate post-task effects on electroencephalographic (EEG) brain activation patterns after CI and DL protocols that reveal underlying neural processes at the early stage of motor consolidation. Additionally, we tested two DL protocols (gradual DL, chaotic DL) to examine the effect of different degrees of stochastic fluctuations within the DL approach with a low degree of fluctuations in gradual DL and a high degree of fluctuations in chaotic DL. Twenty-two subjects performed badminton serves according to three variable practice protocols (CI, gradual DL, chaotic DL), and a repetitive learning protocol in a within-subjects design. Spontaneous EEG activity was measured before, and immediately after each 20-min practice session from 19 electrodes. Results showed distinguishable neural processes after CI, DL, and repetitive learning. Increases in EEG theta and alpha power were obtained in somatosensory regions (electrodes P3, P7, Pz, P4, P8) in both DL conditions compared to CI, and repetitive learning. Increases in theta and alpha activity in motor areas (electrodes C3, Cz, C4) were found after chaotic DL compared to gradual DL, and CI. Anterior areas (electrodes F3, F7, Fz, F4, F8) showed increased activity in the beta and gamma bands after CI. Alpha activity was increased in occipital areas (electrodes O1, O2) after repetitive learning. Post-task EEG brain activation patterns suggest that DL stimulates the somatosensory and motor system, and engages more regions of the cortex than repetitive learning due to a tighter stimulation of the motor and somatosensory system during DL practice. CI seems to activate specifically executively controlled processing in anterior brain areas. We discuss the obtained patterns of post-training EEG traces as evidence for different underlying neural processes in CI, DL, and repetitive learning at the early stage of motor learning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Post-task Effects on EEG Brain Activity Differ for Various Differential Learning and Contextual Interference Protocols

Henz

John

Merz

et al. 2018

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…In contrast, the performances of the repetitional training group dropped back to the original level already after 2 weeks post intervention (Beckmann and Schöllhorn, 2006 ). Further evidence is given on the effect of DL on the postural sway (James, 2014 ). In a recent clinical trial, faster recovery of arm function in stroke patients after DL compared to repetitive training was shown (Repšaitė et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Training Facilitates Early Consolidation in Motor Learning

Henz

Schöllhorn

2016

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Current research demonstrates increased learning rates in differential learning (DL) compared to repetitive training. To date, little is known on the underlying neurophysiological processes in DL that contribute to superior performance over repetitive practice. In the present study, we measured electroencephalographic (EEG) brain activation patterns after DL and repetitive badminton serve training. Twenty-four semi-professional badminton players performed badminton serves in a DL and repetitive training schedule in a within-subjects design. EEG activity was recorded from 19 electrodes according to the 10–20 system before and immediately after each 20-min exercise. Increased theta activity was obtained in contralateral parieto-occipital regions after DL. Further, increased posterior alpha activity was obtained in DL compared to repetitive training. Results indicate different underlying neuronal processes in DL and repetitive training with a higher involvement of parieto-occipital areas in DL. We argue that DL facilitates early consolidation in motor learning indicated by post-training increases in theta and alpha activity. Further, brain activation patterns indicate somatosensory working memory processes where attentional resources are allocated in processing of somatosensory information in DL. Reinforcing a somatosensory memory trace might explain increased motor learning rates in DL. Finally, this memory trace is more stable against interference from internal and external disturbances that afford executively controlled processing such as attentional processes.

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“…Shoulder flexion-extension, shoulder abduction-adduction, and arm circumduction were also practiced. Consistent with prior research on differential training participants in both groups performed the practice movements at a self-paced movement frequency and used a self-selected range of movement (Beckmann, Winkel, & Schöllhorn, 2008;James, 2014;Schöllhorn et al, 2006;Schöllhorn et al, 2010). E. G. James & P. Conatser No feedback regarding task performance was given to participants during data collection or during training.…”

Section: Task and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For both theoretical and methodological reasons no corrective feedback is typically provided during differential training. The theoretical objective of differential training instructions is to perturb the neuromotor system out of a habitual behavioral attractor, rather than to require the production of a specific prescribed movement pattern (Frank et al, 2008;James, 2014;Schöllhorn et al, 2006;Schöllhorn et al, 2010). In practical terms, this method of performing only a single trial with each movement instruction limits the possible use of corrective feedback during training.…”

Section: Task and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Practice Variability on Unimanual Arm Rotation

James¹,

Conatser²

2014

Journal of Motor Behavior

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High variability practice has been found to lead to a higher rate of motor learning than low variability practice in sports tasks. The authors compared the effects of low and high levels of practice variability on a simple unimanual arm rotation task. Participants performed rhythmic unimanual internal-external arm rotation as smoothly as possible before and after 2 weeks of low (LV) or high (HV) variability practice and after a 2-week retention interval. Compared to the pretest, the HV group significantly decreased hand, radioulnar, and shoulder rotation jerk on the retention test and shoulder jerk on the posttest. After training the LV group had lower radioulnar and shoulder jerk on the posttest but not the retention test. The results supported the hypothesis that high variability practice would lead to greater learning and reminiscence than low variability practice and the theoretical prediction of a bifurcation in the motor learning dynamics.

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Short-term differential training decreases postural sway

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Post-task Effects on EEG Brain Activity Differ for Various Differential Learning and Contextual Interference Protocols

Post-task Effects on EEG Brain Activity Differ for Various Differential Learning and Contextual Interference Protocols

Differential Training Facilitates Early Consolidation in Motor Learning

Effects of Practice Variability on Unimanual Arm Rotation

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