Short-Term Clinical Follow-Up After Thrombolytic Therapy in Patients With Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis: A Single-Center Experience

Abstract

BackgroundThrombolytic therapy has evolved as an alternative to surgery for prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT). Therefore, this retrospective, single-center study aimed to evaluate the clinical profile of PVT and the role of thrombolytic therapy in patients with PVT.MethodsData from a total of 16 consecutive patients with PVT enrolled between January 2017 and January 2018 at a tertiary care center in India were retrospectively evaluated. PVT was diagnosed based on clinical presentation, transthoracic echocardiography, and fluoroscopy. All patients received 0.25 MU intravenous (IV) bolus streptokinase over 30 min, followed by a 0.1 MU/h IV infusion for a maximum of 72 h. Transthoracic echocardiography and fluoroscopy were repeated after completion of thrombolysis session. The clinical endpoints were death and hemodynamic success within 24 h of thrombolytic therapy or during the hospital stay, and major complications, including stroke or major bleeding (intracranial bleed or bleeding requiring transfusion or surgical treatment) during the hospital stay and within 3 months of thrombolytic therapy.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 40 ± 11.60 years and about 62.5% (n = 10) were females. The median time between the valve placement and presentation for PVT was 3 years (range: 1 - 4 years). The peak gradient across the thrombotic mitral and aortic valve was 43.79 ± 18.47 and 93.5 ± 33.11 mmHg, respectively. At 3 days post-thrombolysis, peak gradient across both mitral valve (15.91 ± 7.56; mean gradient: 8.45 ± 4.01) and aortic valve (23.50 ± 6.45; mean gradient: 13.60 ± 3.83) decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05). The thrombolytic therapy was successful in 13 (81.25%) patients. While, two (12.50%) patients died, none developed stroke or myocardial infarction during the study period.ConclusionsThe present study with short-term follow-up demonstrated the acceptable clinical efficacy of thrombolytic therapy. However, larger trials with a greater number of patients and longer follow-up are warranted to establish the safety and effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy in patients with PVT.

Clinical Profile and Management of Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis in Tertiary Cardiac Centre

“…Although several overseas studies indicated a greater mean age, exceeding 50 years, the findings of women being more prone to PV thrombosis were similar to ours [17,18]. Numerous research reported that men had a little greater frequency than women, and the mean age was under 40 years [19,20]. As with previous studies that used streptokinase as the thrombolytic agent, 83.3% of patients were successful in thrombolysis [21,22] but Feng et al found that complete success was slightly lower at 69.6% when urokinase was used as the thrombolytic agent.…”

Obstructions of prosthetic heart valves: diagnosis and treatment considerations

“…One of those five patients died in the 4th hour of thrombolytic treatment because of cerebral thrombotic embolization. Risk of the cerebral embolization during thrombolytic treatment of left-sided prosthetic valve thrombosis was reported by several authors [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”