Short term climate variability during “Roman Classical Period” in the eastern Mediterranean

Chen, Liang; Zonneveld, Karin A F; Versteegh, Gerard J.M.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.024

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…The authors show that both temperature and precipitation had a cyclic character with main cyclicities of 7-8 and 11 years. Chen et al (2011) observe a strong correlation between their reconstructions and global variations in D 14 C, and argue that solar variability might have been a major forcing mechanism of the regional climate for the period 60 BC-200 AD.…”

Section: Centennial To Millennial Scalementioning

confidence: 82%

“…Another example is the study by Chen et al (2011), who reconstructed sea surface temperatures and precipitation (through river discharge) changes using a marine sediment record from the Gulf of Taranto (Italy). The authors show that both temperature and precipitation had a cyclic character with main cyclicities of 7-8 and 11 years.…”

Section: Centennial To Millennial Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of changing solar activity on climate: contributions from palaeoclimatological studies

Engels

Geel

2012

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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Natural climate change currently acts in concert with human-induced changes in the climate system. To disentangle the natural variability in the climate system and the human-induced effects on the global climate, a critical analysis of climate change in the past may offer a better understanding of the processes that drive the global climate system. In this review paper, we present palaeoclimatological evidence for the past influence of solar variability on Earth's climate, highlighting the effects of solar forcing on a range of timescales. On a decadal timescale, instrumental measurements as well as historical records show the effects of the 11-year Schwabe cycle on climate. The variation in total solar irradiance that is associated with a Schwabe cycle is only~1 W m À2 between a solar minimum and a maximum, but winter and spring temperatures on the Northern Hemisphere show a response even to this small-scale variability. There is a large body of evidence from palaeoclimatic reconstructions that shows the influence of solar activity on a centennial to millennial timescale. We highlight a period of low solar activity starting at 2800 years before present when Europe experienced a shift to colder and wetter climate conditions. The spatial pattern of climate change that can be recognized in the palaeoclimatological data is in line with the suggested pattern of climate change as simulated by climate models. Millennial-scale climate oscillations can be recognized in sediment records from the Atlantic Ocean as well as in records of lake-level fluctuations in southeastern France. These oscillations coincide with variation in 14 C production as recognized in the atmospheric 14 C record (which is a proxy-record for solar activity), suggesting that Earth's climate is sensitive to changes in solar activity on a millennial timescale as well.

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Section: Centennial To Millennial Scalementioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Centennial To Millennial Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of changing solar activity on climate: contributions from palaeoclimatological studies

Engels

Geel

2012

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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“…years BP-1860 cal. years BP; Chen et al, 2011). Several other studies also inferred overall warm conditions across southern Europe during the RHP (e.g., Desprat et al, 2003;Holzhauser et al, 2005;Martín-Chivelet et al, 2011).…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 91%

Seasonality variations in the Central Mediterranean during climate change events in the Late Holocene

Goudeau

Reichart

Wit

et al. 2015

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…2.6 and 1.6 ka (Dermody et al, 2012). These events, mainly related to the position and intensity of the jet streams, have been correlated to millennial changes in North Atlantic oscillation mode (Chen et al, 2011;Dermody et al, 2012). …”

Section: Centennial-scale Holocene Climate Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Paleohydrology reconstruction and Holocene climate variability in the South Adriatic Sea

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Holocene paleohydrology reconstruction is derived combining planktonic and benthic stable oxygen and carbon isotopes, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and oxygen isotope composition of seawater (δ18Ow) from a high sedimentation core collected in the South Adriatic Sea (SAS). Core chronology is based on 10 AMS 14C measures on planktonic foraminifera and tephra layers. Results reveal two contrasted paleohydrological periods that reflect (i) a marked lowering of δ18Ow/salinity during the early to mid-Holocene (11.5 ka to 6.3 ka), including the two-step sapropel S1 deposition, followed during the mid- to upper Holocene by (ii) a prevailing period of increased salinity and enhanced arid conditions in the South Adriatic Basin. Superimposed on these trends, short-term centennial-scale hydrological events punctuated the Holocene period in the SAS. During the early to mid-Holocene, two main SST coolings together with prominent δ18Ow/salinity lowering delineate the sapropel S1 interruption and the post-sapropel phase between 7.3 to 6.3 ka. After 6 ka, centennial-scale δ18Ow and G. bulloides δ13C lowering, mostly centered between 3 to 0.6 ka, reflect short-term hydrological changes related to more intensive runoff of the Po and/or Apennine rivers. These short-term events, even of lesser amplitude compared to the early to mid-Holocene period, may have induced a lowering of sea surface density and consequently reduced and/or inhibited the formation of deep bottom waters in the SAS. Comparison of the emerging centennial- to millennial-scale hydrological record with previous climatic records from the central Mediterranean area and north of the Alps reveal possible synchronicities (within the radiocarbon-dating uncertainty) between phases of lower salinity in the SAS and periods of wetter climatic conditions around the north-central Adriatic Sea. Finally, wavelet analyses provide new clues about the potential origin of climate variability in the SAS, confirming the evidence for a mid-Holocene transition in the central Mediterranean climate and the dominance of a ~1670-yr periodicity after 6 ka, reflecting a plausible connection with the North Atlantic climate system.

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Short term climate variability during “Roman Classical Period” in the eastern Mediterranean

Cited by 30 publications

References 105 publications

The effects of changing solar activity on climate: contributions from palaeoclimatological studies

The effects of changing solar activity on climate: contributions from palaeoclimatological studies

Seasonality variations in the Central Mediterranean during climate change events in the Late Holocene

Paleohydrology reconstruction and Holocene climate variability in the South Adriatic Sea

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