Short Term Changes in Plasma Corticoids in Dairy Cattle

Willett, L. B.; Erb, R.E.

doi:10.2527/jas1972.341103x

Cited by 56 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Testosterone is the male hormone responsible for development of secondary sex characteristics (Nalbanov 1964) (Miller 1984;Cohen et al 1985) (Gonzalez et al 1990 (Willett and Erb 1972 (Barnett et al 1985) and sheep (Pearsonetal.1977:. Fell andShutt 1986 (Coubrough 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Stress of Chemical Versus Surgical Castration of Cattle

Cohen¹,

King²,

Thomas³

et al. 1990

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Stress of Chemical Versus Surgical Castration of Cattle

Cohen¹,

King²,

Thomas³

et al. 1990

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Heart rate variability in dairy cows L max as a possible predictor of disturbed autonomic regulation in response to metabolic stress In cows grouped by L MAX several phenotypic differences were observed, most of them during the lactation period and in conjunction with the additional stress of fasting (Tables 5 and 6). In pregnant cows the stress parameters BT and cortisol (Willett and Erb, 1972;Kataoka et al, 2014) differ between groups, and both were higher in <L MAX compared with >L MAX cows. For the BT a significant difference between groups were found at day 2 (P2 + P3) of the ap experiment, pointing to development of a stress-induced hyperthermia in fasting <L MAX cows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Stress-induced hyperthermia is known to be mediated by the dorsomedial hypothalamus and sympathetic premotor neurons in the rostral medullar raphe region that induce thermogenesis and peripheral vasoconstriction (Kataoka et al, 2014) which is in accord with activation of the sympathetic branch of the ANS in pregnant, fasting <L MAX cows. The plasma level of cortisol is influenced by feeding and by the nutritional status (Samuelsson et al, 1996, Chilliard et al, 1998, and has been shown to increase as an anticipatory response to forthcoming food (Willett and Erb, 1972) and in feed-deprived cows (Mills and Jenny, 1979;Samuelsson et al, 1996). Elevated levels of cortisol are important for glucose supply in animals being in NEB (Samuelsson et al, 1996), but a noticeable increase was only seen in lactating >L MAX cows at day 2 (P2 + P3) of the experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indices of heart rate variability as potential early markers of metabolic stress and compromised regulatory capacity in dried-off high-yielding dairy cows

Erdmann

Möhr

Derno

et al. 2018

Animal

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High performing dairy cows experience distinct metabolic stress during periods of negative energy balance. Subclinical disorders of the cow's energy metabolism facilitate failure of adaptational responses resulting in health problems and reduced performance. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) with its sympathetic and parasympathetic branches plays a predominant role in adaption to inadequate energy and/or fuel availability and mediation of the stress response. Therefore, we hypothesize that indices of heart rate variability (HRV) that reflect ANS activity and sympatho-vagal balance could be early markers of metabolic stress, and possibly useful to predict cows with compromised regulatory capacity. In this study we analysed the autonomic regulation and stress level of 10 pregnant dried-off German Holstein cows before, during and after a 10-h fasting period by using a wide range of HRV parameters. In addition heat production (HP), energy balance, feed intake, rumen fermentative activity, physical activity, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyric acid, cortisol and total ghrelin plasma concentrations, and body temperature (BT) were measured. In all cows fasting induced immediate regulatory adjustments including increased lipolysis (84%) and total ghrelin levels (179%), reduction of HP (−16%), standing time (−38%) and heart rate (−15%). However, by analysing frequency domain parameters of HRV (high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) components, ratio LF/HF) cows could be retrospectively assigned to groups reacting to food removal with increased or decreased activity of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS. Regression analysis reveals that under control conditions (feeding ad libitum) group differences were best predicted by the nonlinear domain HRV component Maxline (L MAX , R 2 = 0.76, threshold; TS = 258). Compared with cows having L MAX values above TS (> L MAX : 348 ±17), those with L MAX values below TS ( L MAX cows (18.5 ± 0.4 and 47.3 kg/day). From the present study, it seems conceivable that L MAX can be used as a predictive marker to discover alterations in central autonomic regulation that might precede metabolic disturbances.

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“…In rodents, females stressed acutely in some manner tend to produce fewer sons than non-stressed females [2,3,7]. The concentration of cortisol or corticosterone in plasma is used to assess stress [8]. Stress hormones are known to be part of the sex-biasing process in birds [9].…”

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confidence: 99%

Subjecting Holstein Heifers to Stress During the Follicular Phase Following Superovulatory Treatment May Increase the Female Sex Ratio of Embryos

Ideta

Hayama

Kawashima

et al. 2009

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. The sex ratio of mammals has previously been shown to be affected by maternal stress. In our previous study, the proportion of female embryos collected from superovulated and artificially inseminated Holstein heifers that were frequently placed in stanchions and subjected to transrectal examinations of the ovaries during the follicular phase tended to be higher than the expected 50%. The goal of the present study was to test the validity of this observation using a greater number of heifers. Superovulated heifers were artificially inseminated at 56 and 72 h after PGF2α treatment using a single batch of frozen semen. Frequent capture (FC), transrectal examination and/or blood sampling were performed at 4-h intervals from 36 to 76 h after PGF2α treatment (n=13). Nine heifers were used as the Control (non-treatment). Seven-day-embryos were recovered by uterine flushing. Male and female embryos were separated using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification procedure. The proportion of female transferable embryos in the FC group (67.8%, 78/115) was significantly higher than that in the Control group (51.2%, 43/84, P<0.05). The peak concentration of plasma cortisol during the follicular phase following superovulatory treatment was 20.6 ng/ml in the FC group. These results suggest that subjecting heifers to stress during the follicular phase following superovulatory treatment may increase the female sex ratio of embryos.

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Short Term Changes in Plasma Corticoids in Dairy Cattle

Cited by 56 publications

References 18 publications

Efficacy and Stress of Chemical Versus Surgical Castration of Cattle

Efficacy and Stress of Chemical Versus Surgical Castration of Cattle

Indices of heart rate variability as potential early markers of metabolic stress and compromised regulatory capacity in dried-off high-yielding dairy cows

Subjecting Holstein Heifers to Stress During the Follicular Phase Following Superovulatory Treatment May Increase the Female Sex Ratio of Embryos

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