Short-term and long-term treatment outcomes with the FR-3 appliance of Fränkel

Levin, Alyssa S.; McNamara, James A.; Franchi, Lorenzo; Baccetti, Tiziano; Fränkel, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.10.036

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This bite opening effect was similar to those noted in the facemask [10,18,25,26] and FRIII studies [6,7] and is mostly likely attributed by the vertical movement of the maxilla and downward and backward rotation of the mandible together with the changes in the dentition. The maxillary base was found to move inferiorly by 0.5 mm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Class III correction using an inter-arch spring-loaded module

Vanlaecken

Williams²,

Günel

et al. 2014

Prog Orthod.

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BackgroundA retrospective study was conducted to determine the cephalometric changes in a group of Class III patients treated with the inter-arch spring-loaded module (CS2000®, Dynaflex, St. Ann, MO, USA).MethodsThirty Caucasian patients (15 males, 15 females) with an average pre-treatment age of 9.6 years were treated consecutively with this appliance and compared with a control group of subjects from the Bolton-Brush Study who were matched in age, gender, and craniofacial morphology to the treatment group. Lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment and after removal of the CS2000® appliance. The treatment effects of the CS2000® appliance were calculated by subtracting the changes due to growth (control group) from the treatment changes.ResultsAll patients were improved to a Class I dental arch relationship with a positive overjet. Significant sagittal, vertical, and angular changes were found between the pre- and post-treatment radiographs. With an average treatment time of 1.3 years, the maxillary base moved forward by 0.8 mm, while the mandibular base moved backward by 2.8 mm together with improvements in the ANB and Wits measurements. The maxillary incisor moved forward by 1.3 mm and the mandibular incisor moved forward by 1.0 mm. The maxillary molar moved forward by 1.0 mm while the mandibular molar moved backward by 0.6 mm. The average overjet correction was 3.9 mm and 92% of the correction was due to skeletal contribution and 8% was due to dental contribution. The average molar correction was 5.2 mm and 69% of the correction was due to skeletal contribution and 31% was due to dental contribution.ConclusionsMild to moderate Class III malocclusion can be corrected using the inter-arch spring-loaded appliance with minimal patient compliance. The overjet correction was contributed by forward movement of the maxilla, backward and downward movement of the mandible, and proclination of the maxillary incisors. The molar relationship was corrected by mesialization of the maxillary molars, distalization of the mandibular molars together with a rotation of the occlusal plane.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Class III correction using an inter-arch spring-loaded module

Vanlaecken

Williams²,

Günel

et al. 2014

Prog Orthod.

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“…The results of the long-term study on the FR-3 appliance indicated that the treated group showed a significant increase in midfacial length compared with the controls, without any significant change in the sagittal position of the maxilla or in the mandibular dimensions. 28 Sugawara et al 12 found that most of the favorable changes induced by chincaps reverted completely in the long term. With respect to both the FR-3 and chincap therapies, however, the RME/FM protocol has a significantly shorter duration of active treatment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to both the FR-3 and chincap therapies, however, the RME/FM protocol has a significantly shorter duration of active treatment. Whereas chincap wear was on average 4.5 years (range, 1-9.5 years) 12 and FR-3 wear consisted of about 2.5 years of active full-time appliance wear followed by at least 3 years of part-time wear, 28 the RME/FM protocol entails a much smaller "burden of treatment." The analysis of active treatment duration in this study showed that the orthopedic appliance was worn for an average of 1.1 years (range, 4 months-2 years).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy: A long-term controlled study

Masucci

Franchi

Defraia

et al. 2011

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

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Introduction: The aim of this prospective controlled study was to evaluate the long-term effects of rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy in Class III subjects. Methods: Twenty-two subjects (9 boys, 13 girls; mean age, 9.2 years 6 1.6) with Class III disharmony were treated consecutively with rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy followed by fixed appliances. The patients were reevaluated at the end of the 2-phase treatment (mean age, 14.5 years 6 1.9) and then recalled about 8.5 years after the end of rapid maxillary expansion and facemask treatment (mean age, 18.7 years 6 2.1). Two groups of controls with untreated Class III malocclusion were used for statistical comparisons of the short-term and long-term intervals. Statistical comparisons were performed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: In the long term, no significant differences in maxillary changes were recorded, whereas the treatment group showed significantly smaller increases in mandibular protrusion. The sagittal maxillomandibular skeletal variables maintained significant improvements in the treatment group vs the control groups. Conclusions: In the long term, rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy led to successful outcomes in about 73% of the Class III patients. Favorable skeletal changes were mainly due to significant improvements in the sagittal position of the mandible. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;140:493-500)

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“…The sample consisted of semi‐longitudinal cephalometric data of Caucasian subjects with untreated Class III malocclusion. It was derived in part from a database of untreated Class III subjects (41 subjects: 17 males and 24 females) described by Levin et al and in part from a database reported by Zionic Alexander et al (104 subjects: 48 males, 56 females), for a total of 145 subjects. These patients were left untreated because they refused treatment or because their records were derived from historical samples taken from Growth Center Studies conducted in the USA and Canada.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multilevel analysis of craniofacial growth in subjects with untreated Class III malocclusion

Rutili

Nieri

Giuntini

et al. 2019

Orthod Craniofacial Res

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Objective To analyse the craniofacial growth of a long‐term semi‐longitudinal sample of Caucasian subjects with untreated Class III malocclusion. Setting and sample population A total of 144 Caucasian subjects (of North American and Italian origin) with untreated Class III malocclusion. Materials and methods Subjects aged 2 years and 9 months up to 21 years and 7 months were selected. A multilevel model was used to calculate growth curves for ten variables for both each individual subject and for the whole sample. Results There was a statistically significant increase for total mandibular length (Co‐Gn. T2‐T1 = 8.4 mm), midfacial length (Co‐A. T2‐T1 = 3.4 mm) and lower anterior facial height (ANS‐Me. T2‐T1 = 3.8 mm). The multilevel analysis showed two points of acceleration of growth (about 3‐5 years of age and 11‐15 years of age) for seven out of ten variables. For Co‐Gn and Co‐A variables, males presented points of maximum growth delayed by 1 year in comparison with females, with a greater duration (1 year longer) and a greater total growth of about 5 mm. Active mandibular growth continued for a long time after the pubertal spurt: increases in mandibular length ended at about 17 years of age in females and at 21 years and 7 months in males. Conclusions Untreated Class III malocclusion showed a specific growth curve, especially for the mandible, whose excesses added up over time. In males, the amounts of mandibular and midfacial growth during the whole observation time were greater and lasted longer than in females.

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Short-term and long-term treatment outcomes with the FR-3 appliance of Fränkel

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

Class III correction using an inter-arch spring-loaded module

Class III correction using an inter-arch spring-loaded module

Stability of rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy: A long-term controlled study

A multilevel analysis of craniofacial growth in subjects with untreated Class III malocclusion

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