Short‐term and long‐term measures of cortisol in saliva and hair in atypical and non‐atypical depression

Herane-Vives, Andrés; Angel, Valeria de; Papadopoulos, Andrew; Wise, Toby; Chua, Kia-Chong; Strawbridge, Rebecca; Castillo, Daisy Rubiera; Arnone, Danilo; Young, Allan H.; Cleare, Anthony J.

doi:10.1111/acps.12852

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…), characterise subtypes of a particular disorder (e.g. depression; ) or predict treatment responses. A second explanation lies in sample characteristics: while previous studies were confined to either depressed or anxious patients, ours was a mixed sample of patients with depression and anxiety disorders (52% comorbidity), as typically encountered in clinical and population studies as well as in IAPT services .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair cortisol and childhood trauma predict psychological therapy response in depression and anxiety disorders

Fischer

King

Papadopoulos

et al. 2018

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Young AH, Cleare AJ. Hair cortisol and childhood trauma predict psychological therapy response in depression and anxiety disorders.Objective: Around 30-50% of patients with depression and anxiety disorders fail to respond to standard psychological therapy. Given that cortisol affects cognition, patients with altered hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis functioning may benefit less from such treatments. To investigate this, reliable pretreatment cortisol measures are needed. Method: N = 89 outpatients with depression and anxiety disorders were recruited before undergoing therapy within an Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service. Three-month hair cortisol was determined, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was administered. Patients were classified as responders if they showed significant decreases in depression (>= 6 points on the Patient Health Questionnaire) or anxiety (>= 5 points on the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale). Results: Non-responders in terms of depression (57%) had lower pretreatment hair cortisol concentrations (P = 0.041) and reported more physical abuse (P = 0.024), sexual abuse (P = 0.010) and total trauma (P = 0.039) when compared to responders. Non-responders in terms of anxiety (48%) had lower pretreatment hair cortisol (P = 0.027), as well as higher levels of emotional abuse (P = 0.034), physical abuse (P = 0.042) and total trauma (P = 0.048). Conclusion: If future research confirms hair cortisol to be a predictor of psychological therapy response, this may prove a useful clinical biomarker which identifies a subgroup requiring more intensive treatment. Significant outcomesThis is the first study to show that pretreatment hair cortisol can predict psychological therapy outcomes in patients with depression and anxiety disorders. LimitationsHalf of the initial sample was lost due to patients' inability to provide hair samples.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair cortisol and childhood trauma predict psychological therapy response in depression and anxiety disorders

Fischer

King

Papadopoulos

et al. 2018

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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“…2 In fact, we recently published data suggesting that this neurobiological feature may also describe the longterm pattern of cortisol secretion in atypical MDEs, after using a combination of hair and saliva measures. 19 However, we do not know whether this pattern also describes other non-melancholic forms of MDEs. Although more studies have investigated hair cortisol levels in different types of depression, [20][21][22] to date, no affective disorder research study has used a combination of hair and saliva measures, and compared non-melancholic versus melancholic major depression.…”

Section: Cortisol Levels and Mdesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Thus, we decided to re-analyse our data as a result of the conclusions of our most recent work 19 in order to answer these new questions and hypotheses. We designed this study with three objectives:…”

Section: Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of short-term (saliva) and long-term (hair) cortisol levels in out-patients with melancholic and non-melancholic major depression

et al. 2020

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Background Major depressive episodes (MDEs) show diverse cortisol level alterations. Heterogeneity in symptom profiles, symptom severity and cortisol specimens may explain these heterogeneous results. Less severely ill out-patients with a non-melancholic MDE (NM-MDE) may have a variation in the rhythm of cortisol secretion rather than in its concentration. Method Cortisol measures were taken (a) over a short-term period (12 h) by measuring daily salivary output using the area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg) and (b) over a long-term period (3 months) in hair. Additionally, cortisol reactivity measures in saliva – the cortisol awakening response and the 30 min delta cortisol secretion after awakening (DELTA) – were investigated in 19 patients with a melancholic MDE (M-MDE) and 52 with a NM-MDE, and in 40 matched controls who were recruited from the UK and Chile. Depression severity scores were correlated with different cortisol measures. Results The NM-MDE group showed a decreased AUCg in comparison with controls (P = 0.02), but normal cortisol reactivity and long-term cortisol levels. The M-MDE group did not exhibit any significant cortisol alterations nor an association with depression severity scores. Higher Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score was linked with decreased hair cortisol concentration (HCC, P = 0.05) and higher DELTA (P = 0.04) in NM-MDEs, whereas decreased HCC was the sole alteration associated with out-patients with severe M-MDEs. Conclusions The contrasting short- and long-term cortisol output results are compatible with an alteration in the rhythm of cortisol secretion in NM-MDEs. This alteration may consist of large and/or intense episodes of hypercortisolaemia in moderate NM-MDEs and frequent, but brief and sharp early-morning DELTAs in its severe form. These changes may reflect the effects of environmental factors or episodes of nocturnal hypercortisolaemia that were not measured by the short-term samples used in this study.

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“…Although participants included in this study were healthy, they were exposed to a significant number and hassles and life events when compared with other healthy research samples originating from Chile [40] likely affecting their self reporting of stressful events [37]. However these events were most likely within the remit of stressful jobs or studies, considering that 43.2% of them were undergraduate students or had graduated from University.…”

Section: Discusssionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Earwax Method to Measure Acute and Chronic Glucose Levels

Herane-Vives¹,

Espinoza

Sandoval

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Increased chronic glucose is associated with pandemic diseases. To date, there is not a practical, as well as accurate sample for reflecting that level. We measured earwax glucose in 37 controls. They provided standard serum samples, Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) and earwax samples on two time-points, one month a part. The specimens measured baseline fasting glucose, a follow-up postprandial glucose level and a between sample chronic glucose, calculated using the average level on the two occasions. The baseline earwax sample was obtained using a clinical method and the follow-up using a novel self-sampling earwax device. The earwax analytic time was significantly faster using the novel device in comparison to the clinical use of the syringe. Earwax accurately reflected glucose at both assessments with stronger correlations than HbA1c. Follow-up postprandial concentrations were more significant than their respective fasting baseline concentrations, reflecting differences in fasting and postprandial glycaemia and more efficient standardisation at follow up. Earwax demonstrated to be more predictable than HbA1c in reflecting systemic fasting, postprandial and long-term glucose levels and immune by confounders. Earwax glucose was approximately 60% more predictable than HbA1c in reflecting glycaemia over a month. The self-sampling device provided a sample that might accurately reflect chronic glycaemia.

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Short‐term and long‐term measures of cortisol in saliva and hair in atypical and non‐atypical depression

Cited by 33 publications

References 77 publications

Hair cortisol and childhood trauma predict psychological therapy response in depression and anxiety disorders

Hair cortisol and childhood trauma predict psychological therapy response in depression and anxiety disorders

Comparison of short-term (saliva) and long-term (hair) cortisol levels in out-patients with melancholic and non-melancholic major depression

A Novel Earwax Method to Measure Acute and Chronic Glucose Levels

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