Short Tear Breakup Time Could Exacerbate the Progression of Presbyopia in Women

Abstract

Purpose. The contributory factors and symptoms for presbyopia progression have not been fully determined. The purpose of the study was to compare presbyopia progression in subjects with short and normal tear breakup time and to explore the severity of common ocular symptoms associated with presbyopia progression. Method. We conducted a clinic-based, retrospective, cross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria were bilateral phakic patients aged 40–69 years with best-corrected distance visual acuity better than 20/30, and exclusion criteria were the use of glaucoma eye drops, any disease affecting vision, or history of ocular surgery. We measured the binocular near add power and compared the results using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Association between near add power and ocular symptoms was explored. Results. There were 1411 participants (mean age of 50.1 years). There were no significant differences in age, intraocular pressure, spherical equivalent, astigmatism, or anisometropia between the sexes. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that women with short tear breakup time reached the endpoint (near add power of +3.00 D) significantly earlier than those with normal tear breakup time ( P = 0.043 ; Cox-Mantel test). Eye fatigue was most severe in the group with an add power of 1.25-2.00 D. Near add power was correlated with hyperopia, astigmatic errors, and anisometropia. Conclusions. This study suggests an exacerbation of presbyopia progression in women with short tear breakup time. Eye fatigue was most severe in those with an add power of 1.25-2.00 D.

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“…Differences in the onset of presbyopia between male and females has been noted in some country-based studies, but not in multinational analysis 24. Other risk factors associated with presbyopia include dry eye disease (even matching for age and sex)26–28 and diabetic glycaemic level 29. One study has also reported associations with cigarette smoking, pregnancy, refractive error, sunglasses use and alcohol consumption 30…”

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“… 18 Risk factors for presbyopia include aging 11 , 19 and, within similar age groups, diabetes, 20 smoking, 21 and dry eye. 22 , 23 …”

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