Short stature and delayed puberty in gymnasts: Influence of selection bias on leg length and the duration of training on trunk length

Bass, Shona; Bradney, Michelle; Pearce, Glenn; Hendrich, Elke; Inge, K.; Stuckey, Stephen; Lo, Sing Kai; Seeman, Ego

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(00)70094-1

Cited by 97 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…(25) The high-intensity training associated with competitive gymnastics participation during childhood and adolescence has been suggested to negatively impact growth and maturation, resulting in compromised adult stature. (33,34) However, our results do not support this conjecture. Retired gymnasts and nongymnasts did not differ in adult height; this would suggest that premenarcheal gymnastics training did not compromise the attainment of adult stature in this group.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Higher premenarcheal bone mass in elite gymnasts is maintained into young adulthood after long-term retirement from sport: A 14-year follow-up

Erlandson

Kontulainen

Chilibeck

et al. 2011

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sports that impact-load the skeleton during childhood and adolescence increase determinants of bone strength such as bone mineral content and density; however, it is unclear if this benefit is maintained after retirement from the sport. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the previously reported higher bone mass in a group of premenarcheal gymnasts was still apparent 10 years after the cessation of participation and withdrawal of the gymnastics loading stimulus. In 1995, 30 gymnasts 8 to 15 years of age were measured and compared with 30 age-matched nongymnasts. Twenty-five former gymnasts and 22 nongymnasts were measured again 14 years later (2009 to 2010). Gymnasts had been retired from gymnastics training and competition for an average of 10 years. Total body (TB), lumbar spine (LS), and femoral neck (FN) bone mineral content (BMC) was assessed at both measurement occasions by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to compare former gymnasts' and nongymnasts' BMC while controlling for differences in body size and maturation (covariates: age, height, weight, and years from menarche [1995] or age at menarche [2009 to 2010]). Premenarcheal gymnasts (measured in 1995) had significantly greater size-adjusted TB, LS, and FN BMC ( p < 0.05) (15%, 17%, and 12%, respectively) than nongymnasts. Ten years after retirement, gymnasts had maintained similar size-adjusted TB, LS, and FN BMC differences ( p < 0.05) (13%, 19%, and 13%, respectively) when compared with nongymnasts. Bone mass benefits in premenarcheal gymnasts were still apparent even after long-term (10 years) removal of the gymnastics loading stimulus. ß

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Higher premenarcheal bone mass in elite gymnasts is maintained into young adulthood after long-term retirement from sport: A 14-year follow-up

Erlandson

Kontulainen

Chilibeck

et al. 2011

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(19,35,(37)(38)(39)(40) The implication is that the behavior of the periosteum is dependent on the local effects of the exercise as well as possible systemic factors, local growth plate cellular activity and other factors that regulate longitudinal and radial growth of the limb.…”

Section: An Exercise In Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exercise in Geometry

Seeman

2002

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

Self Cite

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…As a result, girls and young women experience increases in body shame and general appearance anxiety (Moradi, 2010); and this process is more salient and harmful for girls than boys (Martins, Tiggemann, & Kirkbride, 2007;Moradi & Huang, 2008;Wiseman & Moradi, 2010). But, as girls experience the decreases in body weight and improvements in physical structure (e.g., muscular strength, coordination) that often result from heightened levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and they begin to view their bodies from a more functional (than aesthetic) perspective, they are likely to feel more satisfied with how they look and be less concerned with the opinions of others (Bass et al, 2000;Campbell & Hausenblas, 2009;Cuenca-Garcaa et al, 2013;Greenleaf et al, 2010;Ortega et al, 2008). Thus, encouraging physical activity, and the concomitant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, has tangible benefits, particularly in relation to girls' psychosocial health and well-being.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Mediators of the Fitness–Depression Relationship Within Adolescents

Sheinbein

2016

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:A lot of evidence showed that boys and girls are at high risk of developing major or minor depression in adolescence. Increases in physical fitness have been associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms, yet the mechanisms that underlie (or mediate) this relationship have not been thoroughly examined.Methods:528 boys (mean age = 12.33 years) and 507 girls (mean age = 12.32 years) drawn from a suburban school district participated. Self-report measures were used to assess the mediators (body satisfaction and social physique anxiety) and the outcome (depression); the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) in conjunction with age, Body Mass Index (BMI), and sex were used to determine an objective estimate of cardiorespiratory fitness. Path analyses were used to test the proposed models.Results:The effects of fitness on depressive symptoms were mediated through body satisfaction and social physique anxiety; 25% to 35% of the depression variance was explained.Conclusion:Boys’ and girls’ depression scores were based on the extent that their fitness levels improved their body satisfaction and lowered their social physique anxiety; body satisfaction was particularly important for girls. Thus, early adolescents’ psychological well-being may be enhanced through improvements in aerobic functioning.

show abstract

Short stature and delayed puberty in gymnasts: Influence of selection bias on leg length and the duration of training on trunk length

Cited by 97 publications

References 16 publications

Higher premenarcheal bone mass in elite gymnasts is maintained into young adulthood after long-term retirement from sport: A 14-year follow-up

Higher premenarcheal bone mass in elite gymnasts is maintained into young adulthood after long-term retirement from sport: A 14-year follow-up

An Exercise in Geometry

Psychosocial Mediators of the Fitness–Depression Relationship Within Adolescents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About