Short Sleep Duration, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Shiftwork, and the Risk of Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients After an Acute Coronary Syndrome

Barger, Laura K.; Rajaratnam, Shanthakumar M W; Cannon, Christopher P.; Lukas, Mary Ann; Im, Kyung Ah; Goodrich, Erica L.; Czeisler, Charles A.; O’Donoghue, Michelle L.

doi:10.1161/jaha.117.006959

Cited by 53 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…We recommend using orange-tinted goggles during the commute home and wide-spectrum blue lights during work hours to promote wakefulness. We also recommend increasing 37 Other sleep disorders, such as restless legs…”

Section: Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shift Workers at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome

Kulkarni¹,

Schow²,

Shubrook³

2020

Journal of Osteopathic Medicine

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In this highly digitalized era, sleep disorders are becoming more common and are associated with an increased burden of chronic disease. Shift workers are at an increased risk for both sleep disorders and metabolic syndrome. In this article, the authors outline the connection between circadian discordance, hormonal imbalance, and the development of metabolic syndrome in shift workers. Based on a literature review of animal model studies, observational studies, and clinical trials conducted between August and October of 2018, the authors offer several clinical interventions, including work schedules, light therapy, medications, and dietary habits to improve the circadian synchronicity of shift workers and reduce their risk of morbidity and mortality. It is important for physicians to be familiar with the consequences of shift work and ways to mitigate the risks for this patient population. M any of the human body's neurohormonal cascades, including key metabolic cascades and the sleep-wake cycle, follow 24-hour rhythms. These circadian rhythms evolve in response to a light-dark cycle established by sunrise and sunset along with the daily rhythm of other external factors, such as temperature and noise.Today, people are exposed to synthetic light, heat, and other stimulating cues that do not follow a 24-hour cyclic pattern. These synthetic factors interfere with the carefully coordinated interplay between external regulators and the endogenous maintenance of circadian rhythms. 1 Shift workers are increasingly affected by this phenomenon. 2 This discordance among shift workers has been linked to disruption in the sleep-wake cycle and metabolic pathways, leading to sleep deprivation and an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. 3In this review, we discuss the relationship between metabolic syndrome and shift work. We completed PubMed searches in August and October 2018 using the following keywords: "shift worker demographics," "metabolic syndrome and shift workers," "risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in shift work," "circadian rhythm and shift work," "cortisol release and shift work," "shift work and exercise habits," "shift work and nutrition habits," "circadian rhythm discordance and metabolic syndrome," "sleep hygiene and shift work disorder," "nutrition and sleep hygiene," "exercise and cortisol release," "sleep disorders and shift work," "sleep disorders and metabolic syndrome," "osteopathic manipulation and sleep latency," "shift work and heart rate variability," and "osteopathic manipulation and heart rate variability." Of the literature reviewed, 38 articles were experimental studies (animal model or clinical trials), 35 were review articles, and 17 were observational studies. Based on this literature

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Section: Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shift Workers at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome

Kulkarni¹,

Schow²,

Shubrook³

2020

Journal of Osteopathic Medicine

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“…With a series of eligible compounds available at present, scientists would be admired if they exerted more effort in exploring the role of Lp‐PLA2 in diseases other than atherosclerosis, particularly, in microvascular diseases that may be more sensitive to Lp‐PLA2 inhibition. In addition, the large pool of data generated from clinical trials provides numerous opportunities for comprehensive data mining, which may be beneficial to understanding the biological consequences of Lp‐PLA2 inhibition and help us to learn a profound and valuable lesson from the failure of darapladib . To conclude, we anticipate that the story of Lp‐PLA2 will continue.…”

Section: Discussion and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the large pool of data generated from clinical trials provides numerous opportunities for comprehensive data mining, which may be beneficial to understanding the biological consequences of Lp-PLA2 inhibition and help us to learn a profound and valuable lesson from the failure of darapladib. [279][280][281][282][283][284][285][286][287][288] To conclude, we anticipate that the story of Lp-PLA2 will continue.…”

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confidence: 98%

Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2: The story continues

Huang

Wang

Shen

2019

Medicinal Research Reviews

121

140

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Inflammation is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) mediates vascular inflammation through the regulation of lipid metabolism in blood, thus, it has been extensively investigated to identify its role in vascular inflammation‐related diseases, mainly atherosclerosis. Although darapladib, the most advanced Lp‐PLA2 inhibitor, failed to meet the primary endpoints of two large phase III trials in atherosclerosis patients cotreated with standard medical care, the research on Lp‐PLA2 has not been terminated. Novel pathogenic, epidemiologic, genetic, and crystallographic studies regarding Lp‐PLA2 have been reported recently, while novel inhibitors were identified through a fragment‐based lead discovery strategy. More strikingly, recent clinical and preclinical studies revealed that Lp‐PLA2 inhibition showed promising therapeutic effects in diabetic macular edema and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we not only summarized the knowledge of Lp‐PLA2 established in the past decades but also emphasized new findings in recent years. We hope this review could be valuable for helping researchers acquire a much deeper insight into the nature of Lp‐PLA2, identify more potent and selective Lp‐PLA2 inhibitors, and discover the potential indications of Lp‐PLA2 inhibitors.

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“…This study suggested that food content and timing, as well as eating duration, differed according to place of living, which in turn may be linked to lifestyle.Nutrients 2020, 12, 375 2 of 15 melatonin timing compared to the non-exposed group. In addition, there is evidence that urbanization and access to electricity may be associated with increased body weight and related comorbidities due to desynchronization of circadian rhythms [7,8] and insufficient sleep duration [9][10][11][12].The increase in comorbidities due to prolonged wakefulness may be exacerbated by the extension of feeding at inappropriate times for the physiological and metabolic processes regulated by the circadian timing system [13]. This scenario appears to be worse when associated with shift work [14,15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nutrients 2020, 12, 375 2 of 15 melatonin timing compared to the non-exposed group. In addition, there is evidence that urbanization and access to electricity may be associated with increased body weight and related comorbidities due to desynchronization of circadian rhythms [7,8] and insufficient sleep duration [9][10][11][12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating Behavior (Duration, Content, and Timing) Among Workers Living under Different Levels of Urbanization

et al. 2020

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Urbanization has contributed to extended wakefulness, which may in turn be associated with eating over a longer period. Here, we present a field study conducted in four groups with different work hours and places of living in order to investigate eating behavior (duration, content, and timing). Anthropometric measures were taken from the participants (rural (n = 22); town (n = 19); city-day workers (n = 11); city-night workers (n = 14)). In addition, a sociodemographic questionnaire was self-answered and 24-h food recalls were applied for three days. The 24-h food recalls revealed that fat intake varied according to the groups, with the highest consumption by the city-day workers. By contrast, city-day workers had the lowest intake of carbohydrate, whereas the rural group had the highest. In general, all groups had some degree of inadequacy in food consumption. Eating duration was negatively correlated with total energy intake, fat, and protein consumption in the rural and town groups. There was a positive correlation between body mass index and eating duration in both city groups. The rural group had the earliest start time of eating, and this was associated with a lower body mass index. This study suggested that food content and timing, as well as eating duration, differed according to place of living, which in turn may be linked to lifestyle.

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Short Sleep Duration, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Shiftwork, and the Risk of Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients After an Acute Coronary Syndrome

Cited by 53 publications

References 46 publications

Shift Workers at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome

Shift Workers at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome

Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2: The story continues

Eating Behavior (Duration, Content, and Timing) Among Workers Living under Different Levels of Urbanization

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