Short-Range Underwater Acoustic Communication Networks

Diurnal Variability Of Underwater Acoustic Noise Characteristics in Shallow Water

“…Furthermore, the UWAN power also decreases with the increasing depth as the distances between the surface, the shipping and wind noises become larger. In general, the UWAN has been shown to be 9 dB higher in shallow water compared to deep water [7]. …”

“…UWAN consists of four main components: turbulence, shipping, wind and thermal noise. Each component has a dominating impact at a [3,7]. The power spectrum due to turbulence, shipping, wind and thermal noise are expressed as:…”

Error Performance Analysis in Underwater Acoustic Noise With Non-Gaussian Distribution

“…While ambient noise is often approximated as Gaussian, in practice it is colored exhibiting a decaying power spectral density (PSD). The rate of decay is at approximately 18 dB/decade [7]. The underwater environment consists also sitespecific noise [7].…”

“…The rate of decay is at approximately 18 dB/decade [7]. The underwater environment consists also sitespecific noise [7]. Site-specific noise, for example, exists for ice cracking in the polar region and acoustic noise due snapping shrimp in warmer waters.…”

“…The actually probability density function (PDF) with extended tails shaped characterizes for this type of noise and have an accentuated impulsive behaviour [7][8].…”