Short Physical Performance Battery as a Measure of Physical Performance and Mortality Predictor in Older Adults: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Silva, Caroline de Fátima Ribeiro; Ohara, Daniela Gonçalves; Matos, Areolino Pena; Pinto, Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes; Pegorari, Maycon Sousa

doi:10.3390/ijerph182010612

Cited by 42 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is an objective assessment tool for evaluating lower extremity functioning in older persons. The SPPB consists of three tests, including the ability to stand for 10 s with feet in 3 different positions (together side-by-side, semi-tandem, and tandem), the fastest gait speed, and the time to rise from a chair five times ( de Fátima Ribeiro Silva et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical ability, cervical function, and walking plantar pressure in frail and pre-frail older adults: An attentional focus approach

Pinloche

Zhang²,

Berthouze³

et al. 2022

Front. Aging

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Aging and increased vulnerability define the clinical condition of frailty. However, while the cervical function is recognized as a determinant of balance and walking performance, no study simultaneously physical ability, cervical function, balance, and plantar pressure distribution in walking in nursing house population. Thus, the present study aimed to compare these parameters between Frail and Pre-Frail aged people. Thirty-one (12 men and 19 women) institutionalized participants (age: 89.45 ± 5.27 years, weight: 61.54 ± 9.99 kg, height: 160.34 ± 7.93 cm) were recruited and divided into Pre-Frail and Frail groups according to SPPB (Short Physical Performance Battery) score (Frail <6, Pre–Frail ≥6). Participants performed the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) and a static balance evaluation. The cervical range of motion (COM), knee extensor strength, and walking plantar pressure distribution have been measured. The Pre-Frail group showed a higher gait speed (ES = 0.78, p ≤ 0.001) and a better TUGT, as well as higher knee extensor strength (ES = 0.4, p = 0.04). Furthermore, the Pre-Frail group presented a center of pressure (COP) displacement velocity on the sagittal axis (ES = 0.43, p = 0.02) and a more COP projection on this axis (ES = 0.43, p = 0.02). No significant difference has been observed between the two groups concerning the total contact time and most of the plantar pressure parameters except for the rear foot relative contact time which was lower in the Pre-Frail group. The Pre-Frail group also showed better cervical tilt mobility (ES = 0.35, p = 0.04). This study highlights the influence of some new parameters on frailty in older people, such as cervical mobility and plantar pressure distribution in walking.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical ability, cervical function, and walking plantar pressure in frail and pre-frail older adults: An attentional focus approach

Pinloche

Zhang²,

Berthouze³

et al. 2022

Front. Aging

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“…Researchers have used a wide mix of items to evaluate physical performance in older adults [ 26 – 28 ]. Among the measures, researchers in Europe and the United States have used the SPPB to evaluate physical performance in frail elderly populations [ 29 , 30 ]. Even the oldest old can perform it safely, and it has been validated to predict a wide range of indicators such as mortality and nursing care status [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical performance reference values for Japanese oldest old: a SONIC study

et al. 2022

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Background The oldest old, defined as those aged 90 or over, is now the fastest-growing population sector. This study aimed to determine reference values for several physical performance measures (PPMs) among 90-year-olds using internationally standardized measurements and to clarify the characteristics of these indices by comparing their results for 90-year-olds with those for older people 70 and 80. Methods We used the Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, and Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC) study data from 2010 to 2018. The study subjects were 70, 80, and 90-year-olds in the target area eligible to participate in the venue. Excluding those certified for long-term care, the final number of eligible persons is 70s cohort 1000 (2010), 80s cohort 973 (2011), and 90s cohort 690. 90s cohort only consisted of three survey waves: 2012, 2015, and 2018. We used hand grip strength and score on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) for our physical performance measurements. In addition, we statistically analyzed sex and age differences. Result The simple mean ± standard deviation (SD) for the 90-year-old respondents were in men, 24.1 ± 5.4 kg in hand grip strength, 0.80 ± 0.22 m/s in usual gait speed, 17.2 ± 6.73 s in 5times chair stand, 5.89 ± 4.42 s in tandem balance, and 8.3 ± 2.2 in SPPB respectively and in women, 14.4 ± 4.0 kg in hand grip strength, 0.72 ± 0.20 m/s in usual gait speed, 17.8 ± 7.89 s in 5times chair stand, 4.72 ± 4.35 s in tandem balance, and 7.5 ± 2.4 in SPPB, respectively. For all PPMs, the age 90 cohort was statistically significantly different from the age 70 and 80 cohorts (all trends P < 0.001). Hand grip strength decreased with a similar gradient with age cohort increase of 10 years for both sexes. In contrast, SPPB lower limb score showed a larger drop between the age 80 and 90 cohorts than between the age 70 and 80 cohorts. We also constructed sex-specific appraisal standards according to quintiles. Conclusions Our study yielded inclusive sex-specific reference values and appraisal standards for major physical performance measures not certified as requiring long-term care, community-dwelling, oldest old Japanese. The characteristics of age-related decline in physical performance differed between the upper and lower extremity assessments.

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“…Criteria for inclusion in the research project: Age—65 years and above Obtaining a min. 10 points in the SPPB (Short Physical Performance Battery) test assessing the risk of disability in the elderly [ 23 ]. Indication for pulmonary rehabilitation with the use of subterraneotherapy methods (chronic respiratory disease) confirmed during qualification by a doctor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obtaining a min. 10 points in the SPPB (Short Physical Performance Battery) test assessing the risk of disability in the elderly [ 23 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Balance and Chest Mobility of Older Adults after Speleotherapy Combined with Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Endurance and Strength Training—A Prospective Study in Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Mętel

Kostrzon

Adamiak

2022

IJERPH

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Backgrounds: As people age, they are more likely to experience balance disturbances. Pulmonary rehabilitation is recognized as a core component in the management of older adults with chronic respiratory diseases. The aim of the study was to assess the dynamic balance and chest mobility of older adults participating in speleotherapy combined with pulmonary rehabilitation, endurance and strength training. Methods: The study group consisted of 51 older adults with chronic respiratory disorders who participated in a 3-week pulmonary rehabilitation programme in underground salt chambers in the ‘Wieliczka’ Salt Mine Health Resort. These individuals underwent the Four Square Step Test (FSST) and circumferential chest mobility measurement before and after the outpatient rehabilitation programme conducted 135 m underground. Results: Before rehabilitation in the underground salt chambers, half of the results (50%, 22 patients) were below the norm in the assessment of chest mobility between maximal inhale and exhale. The average time needed to perform FSST decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from 10.2 ± 1.9 s before the stay to 9.1 ± 1.7 s after the stay and the average increase in chest mobility increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from 4.5 ± 5.5 cm to 5.4 ± 2.8 cm. Conclusions: Speleotherapy combined with pulmonary rehabilitation, endurance and strength training increased the dynamic balance and chest mobility of older adults with chronic respiratory diseases, as measured by the FSST and circumferential chest expansion assessment.

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Short Physical Performance Battery as a Measure of Physical Performance and Mortality Predictor in Older Adults: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Cited by 42 publications

References 81 publications

Physical ability, cervical function, and walking plantar pressure in frail and pre-frail older adults: An attentional focus approach

Physical ability, cervical function, and walking plantar pressure in frail and pre-frail older adults: An attentional focus approach

Physical performance reference values for Japanese oldest old: a SONIC study

Dynamic Balance and Chest Mobility of Older Adults after Speleotherapy Combined with Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Endurance and Strength Training—A Prospective Study in Chronic Respiratory Diseases

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