Short Maternal Stature Increases Risk of Small-for-Gestational-Age and Preterm Births in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis and Population Attributable Fraction

Kozuki, Naoko; Katz, Joanne; Lee, Anne C C; Vogel, Joshua P.; Silveira, Mariângela F.; Sania, Ayesha; Stevens, Gretchen A; Cousens, Simon; Caulfield, Laura E.; Christian, Parul; Huybregts, Lieven; Roberfroid, Dominique; Schmiegelow, Christentze; Adair, Linda S.; Barros, Fernando C.; Cowan, Melanie J.; Fawzi, Wafaie W.; Kolsteren, Patrick; Merialdi, Mario; Mongkolchati, Aroonsri; Saville, Naomi; Victora, Cesar G; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Blencowe, Hannah; Ezzati, Majid; Lawn, Joy E; Black, Robert E.

doi:10.3945/jn.115.216374

Cited by 137 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Short maternal stature, which is quite common among adolescent mothers (Fig. 4b), is associated with an increased risk of SGA and preterm births in LMICs [12]. Younger age, which is accompanied by primiparity accounted for the increased risk of adverse outcomes [49], although previous studies have also found second pregnancies during adolescence to be associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery and stillbirth [50] in high-income countries.…”

Section: Adolescent Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, stunting is especially important to consider among adolescent girls because adolescent pregnancy is very common worldwide, and young girls may stop growing. Pre-pregnancy stunting is a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes including small-for-gestational age (SGA) and preterm birth [12]. The limited published estimates of stunting in girls aged 15–19 range from 52% in Guatemala and 44% in Bangladesh to 8% in Kenya and 6% in Brazil [6].…”

Section: Global Burden Of Poor Nutrition In Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adolescent Undernutrition: Global Burden, Physiology, and Nutritional Risks

2018

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Background: Adolescents, comprised of 10–19 year olds, form the largest generation of young people in our history. There are an estimated 1.8 billion adolescents in the world, with 90% residing in low- and middle-income countries. The burden of disease among adolescents has its origins in infectious and injury-related causes, but nutritional deficiencies, suboptimal linear growth, and undernutrition are major public health problems, even as overweight may be on the rise in many contexts. Summary and Key Messages: Girls are most vulnerable to the influences of cultural and gender norms, which often discriminate against them. Dietary patterns and physical activity, in addition to schooling and countervailing social norms for early marriage, influence health and nutritional well-being of adolescents. Nutrient requirements – including those for energy, protein, iron, calcium, and others – increase in adolescence to support adequate growth and development. In settings where dietary intakes are suboptimal, anemia and micronutrient deficiencies are high. Endocrine factors are essential for promoting normal adolescent growth and are sensitive to undernutrition. Growth velocity increases during puberty when peak height velocity occurs and catch-up is possible; in girls, about 15–25% of adult height is attained. A premature pregnancy can halt linear growth and increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes. Research is needed to fill the huge data gaps related to nutrition and growth during adolescence, in addition to testing interventions during this second window of opportunity to enhance growth and development, improve human capital, and to end the intergenerational cycle of growth failure.

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Section: Adolescent Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Global Burden Of Poor Nutrition In Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Undernutrition: Global Burden, Physiology, and Nutritional Risks

2018

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“…Short maternal stature (defined as height <155 cm) is a marker of chronic malnutrition in women and may also result from remaining stunted after been born LBW, preterm, or SGA [105]. It has been estimated that maternal short stature is associated with 6.5 million SGA and/or preterm birth annually in LMIC [104]. Important barriers to adequate maternal nutrition include female illiteracy, poverty, and gender inequality [208].…”

Section: Consensus Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Short maternal stature is a risk factor for offspring SGA or preterm birth, and may result from the mother herself having been born preterm or SGA [104,105]. In animal studies, deficiencies in total calorie, protein/amino acid, iron, vitamin A, and zinc intake in pregnancy have been associated with reduced nephron numbers in offspring [reviewed in [15]].…”

Section: Introduction To a Health Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Kidney Development on the Life Course: A Consensus Document for Action

Brenner

Charlton

Luyckx

et al. 2017

Nephron

119

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Hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a significant impact on global morbidity and mortality. The Low Birth Weight and Nephron Number Working Group has prepared a consensus document aimed to address the relatively neglected issue for the developmental programming of hypertension and CKD. It emerged from a workshop held on April 2, 2016, including eminent internationally recognized experts in the field of obstetrics, neonatology, and nephrology. Through multidisciplinary engagement, the goal of the workshop was to highlight the association between fetal and childhood development and an increased risk of adult diseases, focusing on hypertension and CKD, and to suggest possible practical solutions for the future. The recommendations for action of the consensus workshop are the results of combined clinical experience, shared research expertise, and a review of the literature. They highlight the need to act early to prevent CKD and other related noncommunicable diseases later in life by reducing low birth weight, small for gestational age, prematurity, and low nephron numbers at birth through coordinated interventions. Meeting the current unmet needs would help to define the most cost-effective strategies and to optimize interventions to limit or interrupt the developmental programming cycle of CKD later in life, especially in the poorest part of the world.

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“…Examples that provoke challenging genetic, epigenetic, microbiologic, and metabolomic models for understanding include potential development and metabolic consequences of diseases of poverty, such as repeated enteric infections in early childhood in impoverished areas. 22 The associations of key prenatal factors and being small for gestational age (SGA) with an increased risk of mortality 23 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodevelopment, Nutrition, and Inflammation: The Evolving Global Child Health Landscape

2017

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The last decade has witnessed major reductions in child mortality and a focus on saving lives with key interventions targeting major causes of child deaths, such as neonatal deaths and those due to childhood diarrhea and pneumonia. With the transition to Sustainable Development Goals, the global health community is expanding child health initiatives to address not only the ongoing need for reduced mortality, but also to decrease morbidity and adverse exposures toward improving health and developmental outcomes. The relationship between adverse environmental exposures frequently associated with factors operating in the prepregnancy period and during fetal development is well established. Also well appreciated are the developmental impacts (both short-and long-term) associated with postnatal factors, such as immunostimulation and environmental enteropathy, and the additional risks posed by the confluence of factors related to malnutrition, poor living conditions, and the high burden of infections. This article provides our current thinking on the pathogenesis and risk factors for adverse developmental outcomes among young children, setting the scene for potential interventions that can ameliorate these adversities among families and children at risk.

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Short Maternal Stature Increases Risk of Small-for-Gestational-Age and Preterm Births in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis and Population Attributable Fraction

Cited by 137 publications

References 48 publications

Adolescent Undernutrition: Global Burden, Physiology, and Nutritional Risks

Adolescent Undernutrition: Global Burden, Physiology, and Nutritional Risks

The Impact of Kidney Development on the Life Course: A Consensus Document for Action

Neurodevelopment, Nutrition, and Inflammation: The Evolving Global Child Health Landscape

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