Short‐lived carriage of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus in human nasal cavities after exposure to infected animals

Wright, Caroline F.; Gloster, J.; Mazelet, L.; Paton, David; Ryan, Eoin

doi:10.1136/vr.c6275

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This was refuted by Amass et al who found a low risk of virus transmission by personnel after hand wash and change of outerwear [28]. Wright et al found a low risk of prolonged human nasal carriage of the virus [29]. In the present study, we aimed to study whether human nasal mucosa is a possible vehicle for transmission of BCoV and BRSV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Temporary carriage of bovine coronavirus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus by fomites and human nasal mucosa after exposure to infected calves

et al. 2018

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BackgroundIn order to prevent spread of the endemic pathogens bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) between herds, knowledge of indirect transmission by personnel and fomites is fundamental. The aims of the study were to determine the duration of viral RNA carriage and the infectivity of viral particles on fomites and human nasal mucosa after exposure to BCoV and BRSV. During two animal infection experiments, swabs were collected from personnel (nasal mucosa) and their clothes, boots and equipment after contact with calves shedding either virus. Viral RNA was quantified by RT-qPCR or droplet digital RT-PCR (RT-ddPCR), and selected samples with high levels of viral RNA were tested by cell culture for infectivity.ResultsFor BCoV, 46% (n = 80) of the swabs from human nasal mucosa collected 30 min after exposure were positive by RT-qPCR. After two, four and six hours, 15%, 5% and 0% of the swabs were positive, respectively. Infective virions were not detected in mucosal swabs (n = 2). A high viral RNA load was detected on 97% (n = 44) of the fomites 24 h after exposure, and infective virions were detected in two of three swabs. For BRSV, 35% (n = 26) of the human nasal mucosa swabs collected 30 min after exposure, were positive by RT-ddPCR, but none were positive for infective virions. Of the fomites, 89% (n = 38) were positive for BRSV RNA 24 h after exposure, but all were negative for infective viruses.ConclusionsThe results indicate that human nasal mucosa can carry both BCoV and BRSV RNA after exposure to virus shedding calves, but the carriage seems short-lived and the transmission potential is likely limited. High viral loads on contaminates fomites 24 h after exposure to infected animals, and detection of infective BCoV, indicate that contaminated fomites represent a significant risk for indirect transmission between herds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Temporary carriage of bovine coronavirus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus by fomites and human nasal mucosa after exposure to infected calves

et al. 2018

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“…Humans are able to carry the FMD virus in the respiratory system or in the lung residual air (Wright et al., ; Lyytikäinen et al., ). They can also carry and transfer the virus on their skin, hair and clothes (AUSVETPLAN, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Challenges to Progressive Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Pakistan - Findings of a Pilot Survey

Abbas

Younus

Muhmmad

et al. 2012

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Pakistan is at an initial stage for progressive control of foot and mouth disease (FMD). Understanding the risk factors for introduction, spread and persistence of the infection is important to design an evidence-based disease control programme. A rapid appraisal method was adopted, and a convenient sample of twenty commercial dairy farmers was interviewed. The following were considered to contribute in secondary transmission of infection: (i) intermediaries and service providers [animal health workers, animal traders and transporters, raw milk collectors, persons who remove skin of dead animals], (ii) places where animals come in close contact [livestock markets, animal fairs, communal grazing pastures, routes in villages where livestock move, watering points, animal transport vehicles], (iii) use of bulls immediately after recovery from FMD infection, (iv) range land/desert livestock production, (v) small holder sheep and goat production, (vi) purchase of replacement stock and fodder from infected locations. This article reveals contacts within and between villages, some of which may act as routes of transmission of FMD. The study suggests the need for zoosanitary education of the livestock keepers.

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“…The FMDV can be present in bovine milk, particularly during the prodromal period (Alexandersen et al., 2003). Furthermore, there is the potential spread of FMDV by humans through contaminated clothing or footwear (Alexandersen et al., 2003) and even the potential carriage of the virus in the nasal passage for several days (Wright et al., 2010). Developing protocols, including changing clothes and showering prior to handling animals, may reduce the potential for disease spread, particularly in high risk groups such as veterinary professionals (Pharo, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and risk factors for foot‐and‐mouth disease in cattle in Baghlan Province, Afghanistan

Osmani

Robertson

Habib

2021

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Short‐lived carriage of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus in human nasal cavities after exposure to infected animals

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Temporary carriage of bovine coronavirus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus by fomites and human nasal mucosa after exposure to infected calves

Temporary carriage of bovine coronavirus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus by fomites and human nasal mucosa after exposure to infected calves

Some Challenges to Progressive Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Pakistan - Findings of a Pilot Survey

Seroprevalence and risk factors for foot‐and‐mouth disease in cattle in Baghlan Province, Afghanistan

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