Short exposure to acetylene to distinguish between nitrifier and denitrifier nitrous oxide production in soil and sediment samples

Kester, R.A.; Boer, Wietse de; Laanbroek, Hendrikus J.

doi:10.1016/0168-6496(96)00025-6

Cited by 9 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Similar observations of other soils have been made where a Ͻ1-to 8-day delay occurred before significant NO 2 Ϫ or NO 3 Ϫ accumulation after acetylene exposure (8,11,34). Extended delays before NO 2 Ϫ or NO 3 Ϫ accumulation could indicate that the forest soil-borne NH 3 oxidizers are sufficiently depleted of energy reserves to hinder the rapid de novo protein synthesis of AMO.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Evidence for Different Contributions of Archaea and Bacteria to the Ammonia-Oxidizing Potential of Diverse Oregon Soils

Taylor

Zeglin

Dooley

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

133

100

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A method was developed to determine the contributions of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammoniaoxidizing bacteria (AOB) to the nitrification potentials (NPs) of soils taken from forest, pasture, cropped, and fallowed (19 years) lands. Soil slurries were exposed to acetylene to irreversibly inactivate ammonia monooxygenase, and upon the removal of acetylene, the recovery of nitrification potential (RNP) was monitored in the presence and absence of bacterial or eukaryotic protein synthesis inhibitors. For unknown reasons, and despite measureable NPs, RNP did not occur consistently in forest soil samples; however, pasture, cropped, and fallowed soil RNPs commenced after lags that ranged from 12 to 30 h after acetylene removal. Cropped soil RNP was completely prevented by the bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor kanamycin (800 g/ml), whereas a combination of kanamycin plus gentamicin (800 g/ml each) only partially prevented the RNP (60%) of fallowed soils. Pasture soil RNP was completely insensitive to either kanamycin, gentamicin, or a combination of the two. Unlike cropped soil, pasture and fallowed soil RNPs occurred at both 30°C and 40°C and without supplemental NH 4 ؉ (<10 M NH 4 ؉ in solution), and pasture soil RNP demonstrated ϳ50% insensitivity to 100 M allyl thiourea (ATU). In addition, fallowed and pasture soil RNPs were insensitive to the fungal inhibitors nystatin and azoxystrobin. This combination of properties suggests that neither fungi nor AOB contributed to pasture soil RNP and that AOA were responsible for the RNP of the pasture soils. Both AOA and AOB may contribute to RNP in fallowed soil, while RNP in cropped soils was dominated by AOB.Until 2005 the majority of ammonia (NH 3 ) oxidation in natural environments was thought to be carried out by a phylogenetically distinct group of NH 3 -oxidizing bacteria (AOB). This nitrification paradigm was challenged by reports that thaumarchaeota carry the genes that encode the enzyme ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) (55); the isolation of "Candidatus Nitrosopumilus maritimus" strain SCM1, an obligate autotrophic thaumarchaeal NH 3 oxidizer (35); the detection of archaeal amoA gene transcripts in soil (54, 55); and the realization that ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) were widely distributed (19) and often more numerous than AOB in soil (36), marine (40), and hot spring (52, 57) ecosystems. Others have correlated either the AOA (7,46,58) or AOB amoA gene copy abundance (17, 32) with nitrification activity and detected the expression of AOA amoA mRNA (43, 60). To our knowledge there is no published work that has directly distinguished NH 3 -oxidizing activity by AOA from NH 3 -oxidizing activity by AOB in soils.As yet, it is unknown what factors determine whether AOA or AOB nitrify in an environment. We hypothesized that AOA and AOB might contribute differentially to nitrification in diverse soils across a landscape with different physical and chemical characteristics, plant community compositions, and management practices. We know that nitrification by AOA a...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Evidence for Different Contributions of Archaea and Bacteria to the Ammonia-Oxidizing Potential of Diverse Oregon Soils

Taylor

Zeglin

Dooley

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

133

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Thus its use to measure one process will also inhibit the other, and when one depends on the other (as is the case when denitrification depends upon nitrification for NO 3 À ), both rates are affected and the independent measurement of one is not possible. It is reported that the length of exposure to acetylene can be optimized to differentiate between its affects on nitrification and denitrification (Kester et al, 1996). N-serve is a commercial preparation that specifically inhibits NH 3 -oxidizing bacteria (Goring, 1962) and it serves as the basis for the sensitive 14 CO 2 method for measurement of nitrification rates.…”

Section: Changes In Din Concentration and Specific Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrification in Marine Systems

Ward

2008

Nitrogen in the Marine Environment

195

202

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“…Laboratory experiments suggest that the role of AOB in NO and N 2 O production is small, but this has yet to be demonstrated in situ. Thus, although methods have been proposed to distinguish between the various sources of these gases, such as denitrifiers (87), it is unknown to what extent AOB contribute to the global production of these gases. However, it is now known that production of N 2 O under suboptimal aeration varies drastically between AOB species (83), providing further urgency to the understanding of the factors regulating population size and structure of environmental AOB.…”

Section: Problems Associated With Nitrification and Ammonia-oxidizingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria: A Model for Molecular Microbial Ecology

Kowalchuk

Stephen²

2001

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

1,137

725

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The eutrophication of many ecosystems in recent decades has led to an increased interest in the ecology of nitrogen transformation. Chemolitho-autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are responsible for the rate-limiting step of nitrification in a wide variety of environments, making them important in the global cycling of nitrogen. These organisms are unique in their ability to use the conversion of ammonia to nitrite as their sole energy source. Because of the importance of this functional group of bacteria, understanding of their ecology and physiology has become a subject of intense research over recent years. The monophyletic nature of these bacteria in terrestrial environments has facilitated molecular biological approaches in studying their ecology, and progress in this field has been rapid. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the beta-subclass Proteobacteria have become somewhat of a model system within molecular microbial ecology, and this chapter reviews recent progress in our knowledge of their distribution, diversity, and ecology.

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Short exposure to acetylene to distinguish between nitrifier and denitrifier nitrous oxide production in soil and sediment samples

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Evidence for Different Contributions of Archaea and Bacteria to the Ammonia-Oxidizing Potential of Diverse Oregon Soils

Evidence for Different Contributions of Archaea and Bacteria to the Ammonia-Oxidizing Potential of Diverse Oregon Soils

Nitrification in Marine Systems

Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria: A Model for Molecular Microbial Ecology

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