Short duration repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for tinnitus treatment: A prospective Asian study

Bilateral Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Auditory Cortex in Tinnitus Patients Is Not Effective: A Randomised Controlled Trial

“…Effects are less often measured on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) or by global assessment measures. Average improvement in 2 cohort series on the THI was 4 points (23 patients) [Lee et al, 2008;Ting et al, 2011]. One case series includes a visual analogue scale (VAS) on annoyance reporting an 18-point improvement on a scale of 0-100 in 16 patients [Minami et al, 2011].…”

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves both hearing function and tinnitus perception in sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients

“…Most studies have examined the effects of rTMS on the motor system using the motor-evoked potential (MEP) as a measure of cortical excitability; in general, low-frequency rTMS (≤1 Hz; ‘inhibitory’) has been shown to reduce MEPs, and vice versa for high-frequency rTMS (≥5 Hz; ‘excitatory’). 1-Hz rTMS applied to the auditory cortex cannot be regarded as generally inhibitory; its physiological effects depend on the preceding stimulation context, which is referred to as the state-dependency of rTMS 30 . Two studies have shown that no significant difference in hearing thresholds 31 32 or in the presence of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) 31 was observed in healthy subjects exposed to one session of rTMS over the temporal cortex; for those subjects, who were protected by earplugs, the amplitude of transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) decreased slightly within 1 hour after the rTMS session 32 .…”