Background
Trastuzumab improves survival in HER2+ breast cancer patients, with some
evidence of adverse cardiac side effects. Current recommendations are to
give adjuvant trastuzumab for one year or until recurrence, although
trastuzumab treatment for only 9 or 10 weeks has shown similar survival
rates to 12-month treatment. We present here a multi-arm joint analysis
examining the relative cost-effectiveness of different durations of adjuvant
trastuzumab.
Methods and findings
Network meta-analysis (NMA) was used to examine which trials’ data to
include in the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). A network using FinHer (9
weeks vs. zero) and BCIRG006 (12 months vs. zero) trials offered the only
jointly randomisable network so these trials were used in the CEA. The 3-arm
CEA compared costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) associated with
zero, 9-week and 12-month adjuvant trastuzumab durations in early breast
cancer, using a decision tree followed by a Markov model that extrapolated
the results to a lifetime time horizon. Pairwise incremental
cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were also calculated for each pair of
regimens and used in budget impact analysis, and the Bucher method was used
to check face validity of the findings. Addition of the PHARE trial (6
months vs. 12 months) to the network, in order to create a 4-arm CEA
including the 6-month regimen, was not possible as late randomisation in
this trial resulted in recruitment of a different patient population as
evidenced by the NMA findings. The CEA results suggest that 9 weeks’
trastuzumab is cost-saving and leads to more QALYs than 12 months’,
i.e. the former dominates the latter. The cost-effectiveness acceptability
frontier (CEAF) favours zero trastuzumab at willingness-to-pay levels below
£2,500/QALY and treatment for 9 weeks above this threshold. The
combination of the NMA and Bucher investigations suggests that the 9-week
duration is as efficacious as the 12-month duration for distant-disease-free
survival and overall survival, and safer in terms of fewer adverse cardiac
events.
Conclusions
Our CEA results suggest that 9-week trastuzumab dominates 12-month
trastuzumab in cost-effectiveness terms at conventional thresholds of
willingness to pay for a QALY, and the 9-week regimen is also suggested to
be as clinica...