Short Communication: Ruminal pH profile and feeding behaviour of feedlot cattle transitioning from a high-forage to a high-concentrate diet

HoltshausenL.,; Schwartzkopf-GensweinK., S.; BeaucheminK., A.

doi:10.4141/cjas2013-073

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Whereas, pH, NH 3 -N, and VFA decreased linearly with increased concentrate levels. The decline in rumen pH was associated with slow ammonia absorption in rumen and the small changes in rumen pH can have a marked influence on ammonia absorption from the rumen, through its effect on unionized ammonia concentrations have also been reported [21,22]. Results of the study revealed that rumen ammonia was either rapidly absorbed or incorporated in the microbial mass, thus did not corroborate with total-N-concentration in the rumen fluid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

In-vitro fermentation characteristics and methane reduction potential of mustard cake (Brassica juncea L.)

2016

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Aim:To assess the effect of mustard cake (Brassica juncea L.) levels in concentrate mixtures and in composite feed mixtures (CFMs) on in-vitro fermentation characteristics and methane production.Materials and Methods:Five concentrate mixtures were prepared with containing 30% oil cake, where linseed cake was replaced by mustard cake at the rate of 0%, 7.5%, 15.0%, 22.5%, and 30% in concentrate mixture. Mustard cake contained glucosinolate 72.58 µmol/g oil free dry matter (DM) and contents in diet were 0, 5.4, 10.9, 16.3, and 21.8 µmol/g of concentrate mixture, respectively. Concentrate mixture containing 15.0% mustard cake was found to produced minimum methane which was then used for the preparation of CFM containing 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% levels with gram straw.Result:Increased levels of mustard cake in concentrate mixtures had a linear decrease (p<0.05) in the total gas production, and the 15% inclusion showed lowest methane concentration (quadratic, p<0.01). The degradability of DM and organic matter (OM) of concentrate mixtures did not change, however, pH and NH3-N concentrations of the fermentation medium showed linear (p<0.05) reductions with increased mustard cake levels. Increased levels of 15% mustard cake containing concentrate mixture in CFMs exhibited a trend (p=0.052) of increased gas production, whereas methane concentration in total gas, methane produced and degradability of DM and OM were also displayed a linear increase (p<0.05). However, the pH, NH3-N, and total volatile fatty acid levels decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increased levels of concentrate in CFMs.Conclusion:Reduction in methane production was evidenced with the inclusion of mustard cake in concentrate mixture at 15% level, and the CFMs with 25% concentrate, which contained 15% mustard cake, exhibited an improved fermentation and reduced methane production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

In-vitro fermentation characteristics and methane reduction potential of mustard cake (Brassica juncea L.)

2016

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“…However, none of those studies incorporated long-term measurement of ruminal pH in the same cattle. In the current study, we observed that the DUR was, on average, 4.1, 12.5, 78.8, and 194 min/d during BKGD, TRAN, FIN1, and FIN2, indicating that the severity of ruminal acidosis may be overestimated in short-term studies or in studies when cattle are group housed but feeding behavior is constrained to a limited amount of feed bunk space, as is the case for studies using feed intake monitoring systems (Schwartzkopf-Genswein et al, 1999;Mendes et al, 2011;Holtshausen et al, 2013). Nonetheless, these results suggest that the reduction in ruminal pH for groupfed cattle is not as severe as would have been predicted by extrapolating results from short-term studies.…”

Section: Incidence Prevalence and Severity Of Ruminal Acidosismentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Novel results from the current study indicate that the incidence and prevalence rates for ruminal acidosis were 0.1, 0.3, 6.7, and 14.9 and 0.7, 1.7, 15.4, and 37.8%, respectively. While incidence and prevalence rates have not been reported previously, past studies using individually fed cattle report values for DUR between 233 and 1,251 min/d below pH 5.6 (Bevans et al, 2005;Vander Pol et al, 2009;Crawford et al, 2008) and between 340 and 601 min/d (Meyer et al, 2009;Wierenga et al, 2010) once fed finishing diets or during the last step up of a diet transition (Holtshausen et al, 2013). However, none of those studies incorporated long-term measurement of ruminal pH in the same cattle.…”

Section: Incidence Prevalence and Severity Of Ruminal Acidosismentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This differs from past studies that have suggested that the dietary transition is a time of high risk for ruminal acidosis. However, the data in previous studies were collected from cattle that were individually fed (Bevans et al, 2005;Brown et al, 2006) or used feed intake measurement systems that inherently limited bunk space availability (Holtshausen et al, 2013). Future work is needed to evaluate the feeding behavior of feedlot cattle without restricting access to bunk space and to evaluate whether cattle regulate ruminal pH by adjusting feed intake patterns in group-fed scenarios.…”

Section: Incidence Prevalence and Severity Of Ruminal Acidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Wierenga et al (2010) used 16 ruminally cannulated cattle housed with noncannulated cattle and reported that feedlot cattle may experience sustained low ruminal pH even once adapted to their diet. However, past studies have been conducted using cattle that were individually fed (Bevans et al, 2005;Brown et al, 2006) or have used feed intake measurement systems that inherently limit bunk space availability (Wierenga et al, 2010;Holtshausen et al, 2013). While the use of feed intake measurement systems provide an opportunity to measure feed intake, restricting feed bunk space may alter feeding behavior (Proudfoot et al, 2009) and subsequently ruminal pH relative to bunk fed cattle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence, prevalence, severity, and risk factors for ruminal acidosis in feedlot steers during backgrounding, diet transition, and finishing1

Castillo‐Lopez

Wiese

Hendrick

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, prevalence, severity, and risk factors for ruminal acidosis in feedlot steers during backgrounding, diet transition, and finishing. Steers were purchased from a local auction market (n = 250; mean ± SD; 330 ± 20.0 kg initial BW) and were grouped together with 28 steers fitted with a ruminal cannula (248 ± 25.5 kg initial BW). Steers were randomly allocated to 1 of 8 pens (3 to 4 cannulated steers per pen with a total of 35 steers/pen). The feeding period (143 d) was divided into 4 phases: backgrounding (BKGD; d 1 to 20), diet transition (TRAN; d 21 to 40), and the first (FIN1; d 41 to 91) and second half (FIN2; d 92 to 143) of finishing. The BKGD diet contained (% DM) barley silage (45.7%), barley grain (41.6%), canola meal (4.2%), and a pelleted mineral and vitamin supplement (8.5%). Steers were transitioned to a finishing diet containing (% DM) barley silage (5%), barley grain (80.9%), canola meal (4.9%), and a pelleted mineral and vitamin supplement (9.2%) using 4 transition diets. Feed was offered to achieve 5% refusals (as-is basis). Ruminal pH was recorded in cannulated steers every 10 min throughout the study, and feed refusals and BW were recorded at 2 wk intervals. Mean ruminal pH (P < 0.01) was 6.4, 6.3, 6.2, and 6.0 ± 0.01 during the BKGD, TRAN, FIN1, and FIN2, respectively. The duration (P < 0.01) pH < 5.5 was 4.1, 12.1, 78.7, and 194 ± 9.4 min/d during BKGD, TRAN, FIN1, and FIN2, respectively. Using a threshold of ruminal pH < 5.5 for at least 180 min to diagnose ruminal acidosis, incidence was defined as the number of times steers experienced ruminal acidosis during each period and prevalence was defined as the percentage of steers that experienced acidosis during each period. On average, the incidence rate (P < 0.01) of ruminal acidosis was 0.1, 0.3, 6.7, and 14.8 ± 0.97 episodes during BKGD, TRAN, FIN1, and FIN2, respectively. In the same order, the prevalence (P < 0.01) was 0.7, 1.7, 15.4, and 37.8 ± 2.0%. Based on multiple regression, factors associated with prevalence of ruminal acidosis and the duration pH < 5.5 were feeding phase (P < 0.01) and DMI (P < 0.01). Overall, the greatest incidence, prevalence, and severity of ruminal acidosis were observed towards the end of the finishing phase and were associated with days on feed and DMI.

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Effect of NDF levels of complete pelleted diet and dietary transition period on rumen pH, growth performance, digestibility, and blood indices in fattening male goats

Khurshid

Rashid

Yousaf

et al. 2023

Small Ruminant Research

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Short Communication: Ruminal pH profile and feeding behaviour of feedlot cattle transitioning from a high-forage to a high-concentrate diet

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

In-vitro fermentation characteristics and methane reduction potential of mustard cake (Brassica juncea L.)

In-vitro fermentation characteristics and methane reduction potential of mustard cake (Brassica juncea L.)

Incidence, prevalence, severity, and risk factors for ruminal acidosis in feedlot steers during backgrounding, diet transition, and finishing1

Effect of NDF levels of complete pelleted diet and dietary transition period on rumen pH, growth performance, digestibility, and blood indices in fattening male goats

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