Short Communication: Requiring Reverse Osmosis Membranes Modifications – An Overview

Ghernaout, Djamel

doi:10.11648/j.ajche.20170504.15

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Chemical disinfection should be deeply avoided or at least revised [63]- [68]. For removing pathogens and treating water, safe multi-barrier processes, such as distillation and membrane processes [69]- [78], have to be adopted for the best future of humankind [79] [80] [81].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Not It Time to Stop Using Chlorine for Treating Water?

Ghernaout¹,

Elboughdiri²

2020

OALib

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Chlorine is largely used as a disinfectant in the water and wastewater treatment industries through the world despite the fact that is greatly poisonous for human beings. Its toxicity is more extended to generating disinfection by-products during its microorganisms' killing and action on organic matter present in water. More importantly, recent studies proved the potential impacts of disinfection on transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), particularly for free-living ARGs in final disinfected effluent of urban wastewater treatment plants. Indeed, Escherichia coli concentration prior to chlorination depicted a powerful positive correlation with the extracellular ARGs plenty in the final effluents; however, lower temperature and higher ammonium concentration were suggested to relate with intracellular ARGs. Chlorination could elevate the plenty of ARGs, therefore, inducing danger of the diffusion of antibiotic resistance in nature. Consequently, chlorine toxicity is more and more proved, which appeals its urgent stopping from using it in the treatment of both water and wastewater. The same conclusion was also obtained at least for UV and UV/H 2 O 2 disinfection. Chemical disinfection should be urgently avoided or at least deeply revised. For removing pathogens and treating water, safe multi-barrier methods, such as distillation and membrane processes, have to be adopted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Not It Time to Stop Using Chlorine for Treating Water?

Ghernaout¹,

Elboughdiri²

2020

OALib

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“…If compared with flow pacing, the CT-based control needed two times less the quantity of chemical for the identical treatment target (<100 CFU/100mL). Outstandingly, the CT-based control procedure may be widespread to diverse chemical disinfection techniques like chlorination and ozonation, solo or in integration with physical treatment methods like membranes [75] [76] [77] [78] and UV irradiation.…”

Section: Demobilization Of Plasmid-encoded Antibiotic Resistance Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Removing Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (ARB) Carrying Genes (ARGs): Challenges and Future Trends

Ghernaout¹,

Elboughdiri²

2020

OALib

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Developed control of chemical disinfection techniques is beginning to be progressively significant in order to equilibrate under-treatment (minimal pathogen demobilization) and over-treatment (immoderate consumption of disinfectant and disinfection by-products generation) that way giving great ecological and economic advantages. This work reviews the most recent and pertinent researches in this field of eliminating Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria (ARB) carrying genes (ARGs) during wastewater treatment especially disinfection. Traditional disinfection techniques may not be efficient in demobilizing ARB and the simultaneous liberation of ARB and antibiotics at sub-lethal concentrations into municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent may promote the development of resistance among bacteria in receiving water. The pathway of the influences of diverse disinfection techniques in water and wastewater (chlorination, UV irradiation, Fenton reaction, ozonation, and photocatalytic oxidation) deserves more attention. The impacts of constructed wetlands and nanotechnology on ARB and ARG have to be more explored. As the best available technology, membranes processes should be widely adopted through the world for removing ARB and ARGs from the perspective of reusing treated wastewater as drinking water. These safe barriers against pollutants diffusion in nature merit more technical and economic expansion for their larger industrial application especially in developing countries.

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“…Numerous techniques have been employed to monitor membrane fouling [1]. These include [1]: 1) Pre-treatment of the FW, 2) Modification of membrane properties [108], 3) Optimization of module configuration and operating conditions, 4) Periodic membrane cleaning, 5) Evaluation of system performance using pilot plant, and 6) Use of predictive models [109]. Secondary effluent is frequently pre-treated to decrease membrane fouling and/or enhance the permeate quality before being passed to MF or UF processes [1].…”

Section: Fouling Extenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Reuse: Extenuating Membrane Fouling in Membrane Processes

Ghernaout¹,

Alshammari²,

Alghamdi³

et al. 2018

AJCHE

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Membrane fouling has been recognized as a serious barrier in microfiltration and ultrafiltration of secondary effluent. Feed pre-treatment is a frequent use for fouling extenuation. Numerous techniques have been employed to monitor membrane fouling. These include: Pre-treatment of the feedwater, modification of membrane properties, optimization of module configuration and operating conditions, periodic membrane cleaning, evaluation of system performance using pilot plant, and use of predictive models. However, membrane fouling remains complicated task for both technico-economic reasons depending on water characteristics and pre-treatment processes and efficiencies. The large majority of the membranes employed in water and wastewater treatment are produced of polymeric materials. Nevertheless, it has been expected that ceramic membranes will be competitive options in the following years.

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Short Communication: Requiring Reverse Osmosis Membranes Modifications – An Overview

Cited by 22 publications

References 98 publications

Is Not It Time to Stop Using Chlorine for Treating Water?

Is Not It Time to Stop Using Chlorine for Treating Water?

Removing Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (ARB) Carrying Genes (ARGs): Challenges and Future Trends

Water Reuse: Extenuating Membrane Fouling in Membrane Processes

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