Short Communication: Presence of arbuscular mycorrhiza in maize plantation land cultivated with traditional and improved land management

Abstract

Ishaq L. 2018. Short Communication: Presence of arbuscular mycorrhiza in maize plantation land cultivated with traditional and improved land management.Trop Drylands 2: 20-24. Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are one of key fungtional soil biota that can greatly contribute to crop productiviy and agricultural sustainability. Their presences could be influenced by soil condition such as land management, and the sporulation of the fungal forming mycorrhiza could be affected by season ie. rainy and dry season. Previously, it was found that the abundance of AM fungi was higher under maize cropping with traditional land management (no tillage, no input of agrochemicals) than that under maize copping system with more modern land management (tillage, agrochemical input), when the soils were sampled at rainy season. As the presence of AM fungi could be influenced by climate factor ie. rain/season, the present study was carried out to examine the abundance and diversity of AM fungi in maize plantation land cultivated with traditional and improved land management in the dry season. At each land management system, three locations of study were purposively selected, and at each location within the cropping system, three soil samples were collected. A total of 9 soil samples representing each land management system were evaluated. The variables observed included AM fungal spore density (expressed as the number of AM fungal spores per 100 g of soil) and biodiversity of AM fungi (expressed as relative abundance of AM fungal spore). It was found that the density of AM fungal spore under maize cropping system with traditional land management was 203.55 per 100g, whereas only 84.91 spores per 100 g soil were found under maize cropping system with improved land management, supporting the previous finding. Despite only six AM fungal spores morphotypes were observed under maize plantation land of both traditional and improved land management, the abundance of the morphotype was different between the two land management systems. The study needs to be extended at a broader location and time to get more representative information on the impact of land management on the abundance of AM fungi in tropical agriculture.

Local Wisdom of West Timorese Farmers in Land Management

“…The presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), the symbiotic mutualisms between the fungi and roots of higher plants [46], has been reported in the rhizosphere of many types of natural vegetation or plants in West Timor [6,[47][48][49]. As the soils of West Timor are mostly calcareous and less fertile, the abundant indigenous mycorrhizal could become a biological natural supporting mechanism that could enhance plant growth in the region by improving plant nutrient absorption; most notably, phosphorus (P), which is highly adsorbed in calcareous soil.…”

The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation of heavy metals and their effect on the growth of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott on gold mine tailings in Muara Bungo, Jambi, Indonesia

“…The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is an alternative to help increase plant growth and to inhibit the translocation of heavy metals to shoots (Sharma et al 2016;Ishaq 2018), increase nutrient uptake (Riaz et al 2021), bind toxic metal (Joner et al 2004), immobilize heavy metals in plant roots or phytostabilization (Ambrosini et al 2015;Wu et al 2016) acts as a filter to block xenobiotics in its mycelium (Wu et al 2019). Therefore, mycorrhizae act as a physical barrier and serve as an envelope for the host (Ma et al 2019).…”

Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Kalappia celebica: An endemic and endangered plant species in Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a group of fungi from the phylum Glomeromycota that are symbiotic with the root system of higher plants (Smith and Read 2008) in various climatic zones and continents (Stürmer et al 2018), global biomes (Brundrett and Tedersoo 2018) and land use types (Tuheteru et al 2020;Ceola et al 2021). AMF include beneficial soil microbes (Ishaq 2018;Powell and Rillig 2018;Diagne et al 2020;Riaz et al 2021;Mitra et al 2021) and can be developed as biological fertilizers to support the conservation of endangered tree species (Suharno et al 2013;Husna et al 2018;Evelin et al 2019;Manjula et al 2022). AMF are broadly classified into three classes, 11 families, 25 genera and nearly 250 species (Schüßler et al 2001;Spatafora et al 2016;Tedersoo et al 2018).…”