Short communication: Functional genetic diversity of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations from southern Spain

Navarro, María Isabel Cuestas; Mattioni, Claudia; Martín, L. M.; Osuna, E. Vargas; Cherubini, M.; Martín, Angélica María Rivera

doi:10.5424/fs/2017263-11547

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Because said work suggested that the high levels of genetic diversity found in Central Italy indicate that this area was a refuge for sweet chestnut, we cannot rule out the possibility that in the areas studied in our work some remnants of old chestnut trees can also be found. Moreover, values of expected heterozygosity are in agreement with those obtained from other European chestnut populations [40,41], which is particularly evident in the work of Lusini et al [42], where six populations from Bulgaria were assessed using eight SSRs and whose H e values were in the range of 0.67-0.80.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Assessing the Genetic Identity of Tuscan Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Cavallini

Lombardo

Binelli

et al. 2022

Forests

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The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is an important species of European trees, studied for both ecological and economic reasons. Its cultivation in the Italian peninsula can be linked to the Roman period and has been documented, especially in the Tuscan region, for centuries. We sampled 131 grafted trees from three separate areas to determine the genetic variability between populations and assess genetic identity for different varieties of trees, which is useful for future breeding programs and propagation efforts. Molecular analyses were performed using eight microsatellite loci. A total of 98 alleles was detected with an average of 12.3 alleles per locus. We found high levels of genetic diversity within the varieties of the same area, ranging between He = 0.682–0.745. Of the eight loci, seven were found to be at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (FST values Differentiation between cultivation areas was significant between 0.052–0.147) with the two Southern Tuscan areas showing the closest relationship as also indicated by Bayesian inference of the population structure, which revealed the existence of three ancestral gene pools of origin. Demographic events were detected by a coalescent-based approximate Bayesian computation in two of the homogeneous clusters. This work is a step forward for the conservation of this iconic species, albeit at a regional level, as chestnut varieties have never received the full attention of breeders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Assessing the Genetic Identity of Tuscan Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Cavallini

Lombardo

Binelli

et al. 2022

Forests

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“…Nine EST-SSRs were successfully transferred to our C. sativa material and showed considerable polymorphism. Although these markers are less polymorphic than neutral markers, several studies have highlighted their efficiency in assessing adaptive genetic diversity (Varshney et al, 2005;Luikart et al, 2003;Martín et al, 2010Martín et al, , 2017Cuestas et al, 2017;Alcaide et al, 2019). We identified CsPT_0005 as an outlier locus potentially under positive selection with private alleles for tolerant C. sativa trees.…”

Section: Assessment Of Adaptive Genetic Diversity To Pc and Selection...mentioning

confidence: 91%

Adaptive evolution of chestnut forests to the impact of ink disease in Spain

Alcaide

Solla

Cherubini

et al. 2019

J of Sytematics Evolution

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Phytophthora cinnamomi (Pc) is an extremely destructive soil‐borne pathogen of Asiatic origin responsible for “ink disease” in chestnut. This work assesses the adaptive potential to the impact of Pc of four Spanish populations of Castanea sativa undergoing different selection pressures. To explore the evolvability of C. sativa to Pc in the selected populations, parameters obtained from neutral and functional genetic diversity were compared with estimates of quantitative genetic variability. Nine expressed sequence tags‐simple sequence repeat (EST‐SSR) markers were selected and their transferability and polymorphism in 137 C. sativa individuals were evaluated. To test the potential of EST‐SSR markers for early selection of Pc tolerant plant material, the offspring of selected individuals were challenged with Pc. Expressed sequence tags‐simple sequence repeat markers and seedling life expectancy after Pc inoculation revealed significant different responses of C. sativa populations to Pc. The genetic variability observed within populations showed the potential response capacity of Spanish C. sativa populations to undergo fast adaptive evolution. The heritability value obtained for the “life expectancy” variable (h2 = 0.21 ± 0.11) indicated that selection for resistance to Pc is possible. Genetic patterns reflected two evolutionarily meaningful groupings of populations, corresponding to the different selective pressure of the oomycete between sites. The differentiation coefficient obtained through markers classified as under neutral selection (FST = 0.185) was lower than the quantitative genetic differentiation of “life expectancy” between C. sativa populations (QST = 0.682), providing evidence that selection acted spatially in a heterogeneous manner. A first link has been identified in trees between population structure and adaptive responses to pathogen‐induced selection. The study identified one marker under positive selection that could be used in marker assisted selection to predict resistance to Pc in non‐inoculated C. sativa trees.

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“…Different European chestnut ecotypes may have origin in an overall high genetic diversity ( Villani et al, 1991 ; Pereira-lorenzo et al, 2010 ; Cuestas et al, 2017 ; Poljak et al, 2017 ; Alessandri et al, 2020 ; Bouffartigue et al, 2020 ). Dinis et al (2011a) and Pereira-Lorenzo et al (2011) found, with the use of SSR markers, that the diversity in chestnut orchards was greatly due to hybridization and discretely due to mutations.…”

Section: Abiotic Stresses Of C Sativamentioning

confidence: 99%

European and American chestnuts: An overview of the main threats and control efforts

et al. 2022

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Chestnuts are multipurpose trees significant for the economy and wildlife. These trees are currently found around the globe, demonstrating their genetic adaptation to different environmental conditions. Several biotic and abiotic stresses have challenged these species, contributing to the decline of European chestnut production and the functional extinction of the American chestnut. Several efforts started over the last century to understand the cellular, molecular, and genetic interactions behind all chestnut biotic and abiotic interactions. Most efforts have been toward breeding for the primary diseases, chestnut blight and ink disease caused by the pathogens, Cryphonectria parasitica and Phytophthora cinnamomi, respectively. In Europe and North America, researchers have been using the Asian chestnut species, which co-evolved with the pathogens, to introgress resistance genes into the susceptible species. Breeding woody trees has several limitations which can be mostly related to the long life cycles of these species and the big genome landscapes. Consequently, it takes decades to improve traits of interest, such as resistance to pathogens. Currently, the availability of genome sequences and next-generation sequencing techniques may provide new tools to help overcome most of the problems tree breeding is still facing. This review summarizes European and American chestnut’s main biotic stresses and discusses breeding and biotechnological efforts developed over the last decades, having ink disease and chestnut blight as the main focus. Climate change is a rising concern, and in this context, the adaptation of chestnuts to adverse environmental conditions is of extreme importance for chestnut production. Therefore, we also discuss the abiotic challenges on European chestnuts, where the response to abiotic stress at the genetic and molecular level has been explored.

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Short communication: Functional genetic diversity of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations from southern Spain

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Assessing the Genetic Identity of Tuscan Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Assessing the Genetic Identity of Tuscan Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Adaptive evolution of chestnut forests to the impact of ink disease in Spain

European and American chestnuts: An overview of the main threats and control efforts

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