Short communication: Evaluation of an automated method for assessing white blood cell concentrations in Holstein dairy cows

Kull, J.A.; Krawczel, P.D.; Pighetti, Gina M.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.01.002

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although manual leukocyte differential counts remain the gold standard, automated cell counts are rapid and reproducible, and they have a strong correlation with most leukocyte cell lines (Kim et al, 2014). This study demonstrates that in neonatal Holstein calves, the QScout BLD test had very good agreement with manual leukocyte differential results for neutrophil counts, fair agreement for lymphocyte counts, but only slight agreement for eosinophils and monocytes, consistent with findings in Holstein cows (Kull et al, 2018). The classification of test results as above, below, or within reference intervals for neutrophils and lymphocytes was in very close agreement between tests.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Calves that arrive with identifiable risk factors for morbidity or mortality or an abnormal leukogram could then be identified and selectively treated with antimicrobials, supportive therapy, or both, leaving the other calves untreated and reducing overall antimicrobial use at this stage of the production cycle. The QScout BLD is currently the only on-farm automated leukocyte differential test with recent validation in Holstein dairy cows, reporting test agreement with manual white blood cell differential counts for neutrophils and lymphocytes, but no agreement for monocytes or eosinophils (Kull et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of an automated cell counter to determine leukocyte differential counts in neonatal Holstein calves

Konigslow

Renaud

Duffield

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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Recent advances in the understanding of risk factors and biomarkers in calves entering rearing facilities show promise for identifying high-risk calves on arrival at veal and dairy beef operations. Rapid automated leukocyte differential cell counts may be a good addition for augmenting or refining calf risk identification on-farm. The objective of this study was to validate an automated leukocyte cell counter, the QScout BLD test (Advanced Animal Diagnostics, Morrisville, NC), for its ability to determine leukocyte differential cell counts in neonatal Holstein calves. From June to July 2018, blood samples collected in EDTA anticoagulant from 235 calves upon arrival at an independent veal research facility in Ontario, Canada, were evaluated using the QScout BLD test and manually by microscopy. We compared these leukocyte differential counts using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (ρ) and found very good agreement between tests for neutrophil counts (ρ = 0.83); fair agreement for lymphocyte counts (ρ = 0.32); fair agreement for the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (ρ = 0.36); slight agreement for monocyte counts (ρ = 0.14); and slight agreement for eosinophil counts (ρ = 0.20). We further examined test results to determine if they differed in their classification of samples as being above, within, or below reported 95% reference intervals for neonatal Holstein calves. Classification between tests resulted in very good agreement for neutrophils and lymphocytes, with only 4.2% and 5.8% disagreement in classification, respectively. We observed moderate agreement for monocytes, with 23.3% classified differently, and poor agreement for eosinophils, with 70.3% classified differently. Further study is required to determine the role of leukocyte profiling in the risk assessment of calves arriving at calf-rearing facilities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of an automated cell counter to determine leukocyte differential counts in neonatal Holstein calves

Konigslow

Renaud

Duffield

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The slide cartridge was examined by automated microscopy and analyzed using the proprietary software (QScout Cattle Lab, software v. 1.0.6.20023). Results were obtained within 1 min of loading the sample (Kull et al, 2018).…”

Section: Data and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the utility of leukocyte differential cell counts for predicting morbidity, mortality, and growth in a grain-fed veal facility: A prospective single cohort study

Konigslow

Renaud

Duffield

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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Selective antimicrobial treatment strategies present a means to reduce antimicrobial use at the time of arrival at a veal or dairy beef operation. On-farm machine leukocyte differential cell counts (DCC) that can be acquired quickly may be useful to augment calf risk identification protocols. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of DCC taken at the time of arrival at a grain-fed veal facility and 72 h postarrival for determining morbidity risk, mortality risk, and growth during the production cycle. Data were collected between June and October 2018 from 240 calves upon arrival and from a subset of 160 calves 72 h postarrival at a commercial grain-fed veal facility in Ontario, Canada. Blood samples were evaluated using the QScout BLD test for leukocyte DCC (Advanced Animal Diagnostic, Morrisville, NC). All calves were screened using a standardized health examination, and a blood sample was collected to evaluate serum total protein and DCC. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed for both morbidity and mortality outcomes. Mixed linear regression models were constructed to evaluate average daily gain. Results from data collected at the time of arrival suggest that total protein values ≥5.2 g/dL reduced the hazard of mortality and that a rectal temperature >39.6°C was associated with an increased hazard of morbidity. Calves that were dehydrated gained less, whereas calves with an increased lymphocyte count had a higher rate of growth. Results from DCC collected 72 h postarrival suggest that lymphocyte counts between 4.8 and 5.8 × 10 9 cells/L decreased the hazard of mortality and counts >7.0 × 10 9 cells/L decreased the hazard of morbidity, whereas neutrophil counts >6.0 × 10 9 cells/L increased the hazard of mortality. This study demonstrates that machine DCC at the time of arrival and 72 h after arrival has potential for use in identifying high-risk calves that might require treatment, as part of selective antimicrobial therapy protocols, with the purpose of reducing antimicrobial use without sacrificing animal health in veal facilities.

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A thin whole blood smear prepared via pumpless microfluidics

Dogbevi

Ngo

Branan

et al. 2021

Microfluid Nanofluid

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Short communication: Evaluation of an automated method for assessing white blood cell concentrations in Holstein dairy cows

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Validation of an automated cell counter to determine leukocyte differential counts in neonatal Holstein calves

Validation of an automated cell counter to determine leukocyte differential counts in neonatal Holstein calves

Assessing the utility of leukocyte differential cell counts for predicting morbidity, mortality, and growth in a grain-fed veal facility: A prospective single cohort study

A thin whole blood smear prepared via pumpless microfluidics

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