Short-circuit fault current-limiting characteristics of a resistive-type superconducting fault current limiter in DC grids

Xiang, Bin; Gao, Lei; Liu, Zhiyuan; Wang, Jianhua

doi:10.1088/1361-6668/ab6244

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The fault current clipping ratio (

k

) can be calculated as follows [5–17]:

k = ({\overset{I}{true}}_{f} - {\overset{I}{true}}_{L}) / {\overset{I}{true}}_{f}

where

{\overset{I}{true}}_{L}

represents the limited peak value of the DC fault current at the interruption instant of CB ( t = 210 ms). However, the acceptable values by utilities for the fault current clipping ratio range between 45% and 55% or higher [19].…”

Section: Basic Configuration and Operating Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the fault condition, the soft magnet is forced to operate in the linear zone of its B-H characteristics, with extremely high value of relative permeability, and hence is promoted to higher insertion inductance value leading to fault current clipping. This can be achieved by the provided magnetomotive force (mmf ) from either superconducting/simple copper DC-energised coil [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], or permanent magnet (PM) [16,17,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DC‐presaturated fault current limiter for high voltage direct current transmission systems

2021

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The authors present a 500 kV real-dimension DC-presaturated fault current limiter (PFCL) with a steady-state rated current of 2 kA for limiting large fault current of 8 kA with high rate of rise. These characteristics of the fault current can be a threat to high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems, and hence PFCL design and performance improvement are investigated through three-dimensional, time-domain, magnetic-field and electric-circuit coupled model using finite element simulation of COMSOL Multiphysics package. The nonlinear magnetic characteristics of the soft magnet ensure variable inductance depending on demagnetisation magnetomotive force generated by the line current. This DC-biased PFCL can replace the traditional smoothing reactor during the normal operation of the system by controlling the level of presaturation. In addition, PFCL is a self-triggered device and therefore it can automatically limit the fault current and reduce its value below the interruption rating of the used HVDC circuit breakers (CBs). Moreover, the rate of rise of the fault current can be controlled to ensure the compatibility with the available type of HVDC CBs. The dynamic performance of PFCL is investigated during fault condition through the fault current clipping ratio and rate of rise of the fault current, and during steady-state operation through the voltage drop across PFCL and its power losses. It is found that the proposed PFCL presents adequate capability in limiting large fault currents with extremely low values of voltage drop and power losses during the steady-state condition. However, the switching transient overvoltages that appear at terminals of PFCL coils during the fault duration have been successfully suppressed by carefully selected ratings of zinc-oxide surge arresters.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…The fault current clipping ratio (

k

) can be calculated as follows [5–17]:

k = ({\overset{I}{true}}_{f} - {\overset{I}{true}}_{L}) / {\overset{I}{true}}_{f}

where

{\overset{I}{true}}_{L}

Section: Basic Configuration and Operating Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC‐presaturated fault current limiter for high voltage direct current transmission systems

2021

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“…There are a lot of studies on the current limiting and recovery characteristics of coated superconductors and resistive SFCLs, by the means of experiment and numerical modelling [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xiang et al demonstrated a 10 kV R-SFCL integrated with mechanical circuit breaker. The tests showed that the fault current was limited from 10 kA to 1.42 kA, and that it required more than 1 s for the R-SFCL to recover [14]. Yazdani-Asrami et al investigated heat transfer and recovery characteristic enhancement methods for metal and superconducting tapes under high current pulse, and improved the fault current limiting behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Simulation Study of Resistive Helical HTS Fault Current Limiters: Quench and Recovery Characteristics

Song

Pei

Alafnan

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Resistive type fault current limiters (SFCLs) have attracted lots of attention from research interests and engineering applications, due to its self-triggering, fast and effective fault current limitation ability. Fast recovery of SFCL after quench is highly attractive, yet still remains challenge when recover with load compared to recovering without load. We investigated the dependence of recovery time of a helical SFCL coil on the ratio of prospective current over critical current. A multilayer simulation model was built in MATLAB ® /Simulink to investigate the electro-thermal behavior of SFCL coil during a fault and recovery period, and the model was validated by experimental results. Quench simulations were carried out under different Ipros/ Ic, ranging from 15 to 119 and in different recovery conditions including recovery with load condition and recovery without load condition, while keeping the fault duration of 100 ms. We observed that the SFCL coil reached 85 K and 195 K at the time when the fault was cleared, in the quench tests with Ipros/ Ic = 15 and 119, respectively. SFCL coil recovered without load in 0.5 s to 10 s, depending on the ratio of Ipros/ Ic.  Index Terms-Helical SFCL coil, flux flow, quench, recovery.

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“…To simultaneously enhance the inertial response and limit fault current levels in DC distribution systems, it is proposed in this paper to use superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs). SFCLs have succeeded in many applications with DC systems [20]- [22] due to their fast operation once their current attains the critical one. First, the system description and modeling issues are presented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter as a Virtual Inertia for DC Distribution Systems

Yehia¹,

Taha

2021

IEEE Access

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DC distribution systems can provide effective solutions for integrating renewable energy sources in future power systems. The low inertia of the DC distribution system causes several problems regarding stability and fault response. For stability, this low inertia represents a major cause for instability and voltage oscillations, especially with constant power loads. For fault response, the low inertia results in very high fault currents with a significant rate of rising and limited damping. This study aimed to use a superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) as virtual inertia for DC distribution systems under various disturbances and fault conditions. The system description and modeling are first presented, including the detailed dynamics of SFCL. The stability analysis for the DC system is carried out using the Hurwitz criterion, from which the suitable range of SFCL resistance is identified. Considering this range and fault current limitation, an SFCL resistance of 1.5 Ω is adopted. The whole system is implemented using PSCAD/EMTDC software. A series of case studies are investigated to validate the effectiveness of SFCL in strengthening the inertia of the DC system. These case studies include sudden variations in supply voltage, sudden load changes, and faults. SFCL could successfully suppress voltage oscillations, keep voltage stability, and limit fault currents.

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Short-circuit fault current-limiting characteristics of a resistive-type superconducting fault current limiter in DC grids

Cited by 43 publications

References 25 publications

DC‐presaturated fault current limiter for high voltage direct current transmission systems

DC‐presaturated fault current limiter for high voltage direct current transmission systems

Experimental and Simulation Study of Resistive Helical HTS Fault Current Limiters: Quench and Recovery Characteristics

Application of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter as a Virtual Inertia for DC Distribution Systems

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