Short-channeled mesoporous Zr–Al-SBA-15 as a highly efficient catalyst for hydroxyalkylation of phenol with formaldehyde to bisphenol F

Improving Selectivity to 1,3-Propanediol for Glycerol Hydrogenolysis Using W- and Al-Incorporated SBA-15 as Support for Pt Nanoparticles

“…The second kind of Brønsted acid sites are those ones that arose in situ on Pt/(W+Al)-SBA-15 samples by spillover H atoms during glycerol hydrogenolysis, evidenced by Fan et al on the basis of cumene cracking, a probe reaction to detect the hydrogen conversion to proton during this cracking . The third kind of Brønsted acid sites can be ascribed to the protons due to the presence of Al in the SBA-15 framework. , …”

“…It can also be seen that the (110) reflection for the metal-incorporated samples shifted to a lower angle which may be ascribed to the larger ionic radii of Al 3+ (0.053 nm) and W 4+ (0.07 nm) compared to that of Si 4+ (0.04 nm). 29 At wide angles, the XRD patterns for the above samples (Figure 1b) illustrate no characteristic diffraction peaks assigned to WO 3 or Al 2 O 3 . Only the broad diffraction band associated with the amorphous SiO 2 materials at 2θ = 22.8°c an be seen, which means a good incorporation of the metal ions into the SBA-15 skeleton or a good dispersion of the metal oxide on the molecular sieve surface.…”

“…58 The third kind of Brønsted acid sites can be ascribed to the protons due to the presence of Al in the SBA-15 framework. 29,59 3.4. Anchoring Site of Glycerol on the Metal Oxide Surface.…”

“…When the metal ions were incorporated into the SBA-15 framework, the above three characteristic diffraction peaks were all still found clearly, confirming that the SBA-15 mesoporous structure is well preserved after the direct synthesis, which can also be deduced from the TEM images of these samples (FigureS1). It can also be seen that the (110) reflection for the metal-incorporated samples shifted to a lower angle which may be ascribed to the larger ionic radii of Al 3+ (0.053 nm) and W 4+ (0.07 nm) compared to that of Si 4+ (0.04 nm) 29. At wide angles, the XRD patterns for the above samples (Figure1b) illustrate no characteristic diffraction peaks assigned to WO 3 or Al 2 O 3 .…”

Selective Synthesis of Bisphenol F from Phenol and PODE2 over an Acidic Resin–Carbon Composite Material

“…The major concern is to enhance the selectivity and yield of BPF while avoiding the environmental pollution. Supported heteropolyacids, − Al-pillared clay, modified mesoporous silicas, − molecular sieves, − and ionic liquids − have been used as catalysts for the synthesis of BPF.…”