Short Chain Fatty Acids, pancreatic dysfunction and type 2 diabetes

Mandaliya, Dipeeka; Seshadri, Sriram

doi:10.1016/j.pan.2019.04.013

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…They can modulate the host energy homeostasis through interactions between chemosensory enteroendocrine cells, which belong to epithelial cells and can supply energy themselves (Kuwahara, 2014 ). There is evidence that SCFAs increase the pancreatic β-cell mass and insulin secretion, reduce glucagon secretion, and regulate glucose metabolism (Mandaliya and Seshadri, 2019b ). Intestinal dysbiosis may change the ratio of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, which leads directly to SCFA reduction.…”

Section: Host Gut Microbiota and T2dm: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SCFAs, including propionate, butyrate, and acetate, can trigger the local release of peptide YY (PYY) and GLP1. SCFA receptors are highly expressed on GLP1-producing L cells in the distal ileum and colon (Mandaliya and Seshadri, 2019a ). Propionate is a substrate for gluconeogenesis that protects the host from diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance (Ohira et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Host Gut Microbiota and T2dm: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions Between Gut Microbiota, Host, and Herbal Medicines: A Review of New Insights Into the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Zheng

Gou

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Herbal medicines (HMs) are a major subset of complementary and alternative medicine. They have been employed for the efficient clinical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for centuries. However, the related underlying mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. It has been found out that microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of T2DM. An interplay between gut microbiota and host occurs mainly at the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier. The host movements influence the composition and abundance of gut microbiota, whereas gut microbiota in turn modulate the metabolic and immunological activities of the host. Intestinal dysbiosis, endotoxin-induced metabolic inflammation, immune response disorder, bacterial components and metabolites, and decreased production of short-chain fatty acids are considered significant pathogenic mechanisms underlying T2DM. The interaction between gut microbiota and HMs during T2DM treatment has been investigated in human, animal, and in vitro studies. HMs regulate the composition of beneficial and harmful bacteria and decrease the inflammation caused by gut microbiota. Furthermore, the metabolism of gut microbiota modulates HM biotransformation. In this review, we have summarized such research findings, with the aim to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic mechanisms of HMs in T2DM and to provide new insights into specific targeted HM-based therapies and drug discovery.

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Section: Host Gut Microbiota and T2dm: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Host Gut Microbiota and T2dm: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions Between Gut Microbiota, Host, and Herbal Medicines: A Review of New Insights Into the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Zheng

Gou

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Following longer periods of fasting, it is known that free fatty acids (FFA) will increase [ 34 ], and higher FFA concentrations negatively affect insulin sensitivity [ 35 ]. Moreover, rodent experiments have demonstrated that mulberry and barley leaves modulate the diversity of microbiota and the production of short chain fatty acids [ 36 , 37 ], which are reported to be involved in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity [ 38 , 39 ]. For our participants, it is possible that their increased glucose levels prevented the breakdown of fat and release of FFAs into the bloodstream.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Biscuits with a Beverage of Mulberry or Barley Leaves in the Afternoon Prevents Dinner-Induced High, but Not Low, Increases in Blood Glucose among Young Adults

et al. 2020

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We examined the impact of consuming biscuits with a beverage of powdered mulberry or barley leaves in the afternoon on postprandial glucose levels at dinnertime among young adults. A total of 18 young adults participated in a partially double-blinded, randomized crossover trial over 2 weeks, consuming either: (1) no biscuits; (2) a biscuit; (3) a biscuit with a beverage of powdered mulberry leaves; or (4) a biscuit with a beverage of powdered barley leaves, as an afternoon snack followed by a standardized test dinner. Glucose levels were recorded after each meal. Results showed intake of biscuits with a beverage of mulberry and barley leaves significantly reduced postprandial rises in glucose after their immediate consumption and dinner, though there was no direct relationship between the glucose levels at the two meals. Compared to those with low glucose levels, participants with high glucose levels at dinner showed a stronger second meal effect, that was attributed to the mulberry or barley leaves, and were also more likely to have lean body weights and prefer evenings. Our findings indicate that eating snacks alongside mulberry or barley leaves is an effective way to suppress postprandial glucose levels in young adults with high glucose levels who prefer evenings.

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“…HbA1c is an index of the control of diabetes and re ects the average blood glucose levels over the past two-three months [21]. Glucose homeostasis is maintained by insulin and glucagon, whereas disrupted pancreatic islet functions and insulin resistance in T2D leads to glucose intolerance [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stachyose improves the anti-diabetic effects of berberine by regulating intestinal microbiota and SCFAs in spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKAy mice

Cao

Lei

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Berberine (BBR) has the beneficial effects of anti-inflammation, anti-bacteria, and anti-diabetes. The clinical application of BBR has been hindered by its poor gastrointestinal absorption. Stachyose (Sta), a prebiotic agent, improves the composition of gut microbiota and benefits for diabetes. We therefore investigated whether Sta improves the anti-diabetic actions of BBR using type 2 diabetic KKAy mice.Methods: KKAy mice were randomly divided into four groups: Con, Sta (200 mg/kg), BBR (100 mg/kg), and BBR+Sta (BBR: 100 mg/kg, Sta: 200 mg/kg). Mice were administered intragastrically once daily for 8 weeks. The mice weight, glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, and levels of insulin, glucagon, and inflammatory cytokines were monitored. Oral glucose tolerance tests and insulin tolerance tests were performed; protein and gene expression levels were detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR, respectively; gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces were analyzed.Results: The combination of BBR and Sta is more effective than BBR alone in blood glucose control, improvement of insulin resistance and islet functions, inflammatory mediators decrease, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrates that both BBR and combination treatments enhance the abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Akkermansiaceae and decrease Lachnospiraceae levels, whereas Akkermansiaceae elevation due to the administration of BBR with Sta is more significant than BBR alone. Interestingly, the proportion of Lactobacillaceae increases with combination treatment, but is diminished by BBR treatment. Additionally, BBR with Sta significantly reduces the concentrations of fecal SCFAs compared to BBR.Conclusions: The combination of BBR and Sta imparts better effects on the maintenance of glycemia and intestinal homeostasis than BBR alone by modulating gut microbiota and SCFAs, thereby providing a novel approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Short Chain Fatty Acids, pancreatic dysfunction and type 2 diabetes

Cited by 24 publications

References 74 publications

Interactions Between Gut Microbiota, Host, and Herbal Medicines: A Review of New Insights Into the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Interactions Between Gut Microbiota, Host, and Herbal Medicines: A Review of New Insights Into the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Consumption of Biscuits with a Beverage of Mulberry or Barley Leaves in the Afternoon Prevents Dinner-Induced High, but Not Low, Increases in Blood Glucose among Young Adults

Stachyose improves the anti-diabetic effects of berberine by regulating intestinal microbiota and SCFAs in spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKAy mice

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