Short-chain fatty acids as anti-inflammatory agents in overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Context Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from microbial fermentation of prebiotic soluble fibers are noted for their anti-inflammatory benefits against obese systemic inflammation. Objective A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to investigate the effect of SCFAs and prebiotic interventions on systemic inflammation in obesity. Data Sources Relevant studies from 1947 to August 2019 were collected from the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Study Selection Of 61 included studies, 29 were of humans and 32 of animals. Data Extraction Methodological quality of studies was assessed using the critical appraisal checklist of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Data pertaining to population, intervention type and duration, and markers of systemic inflammation were extracted from included studies. Results Of 29 included human studies, 3 of 4 SCFA interventions and 11 of 25 prebiotic interventions resulted in a significant decrease in ≥1 biomarker of systemic inflammation. Of 32 included animal studies, 10 of 11 SCFA interventions and 18 of 21 prebiotic interventions resulted in a significant reduction of ≥1 biomarker of systemic inflammation. Meta-analysis revealed that prebiotics in humans reduced levels of plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (standard mean difference [SMD], −0.83; 95%CI: −1.56 to −0.11; I2: 86%; P = 0.02) and plasma lipopolysaccharide (SMD, −1.20; 95%CI: −1.89 to −0.51; I2: 87%; P = 0.0006), and reduced TNF−α levels in animals (SMD, −0.63; 95%CI: −1.19 to −0.07; P = 0.03). Heterogeneity among supplement types, duration, and dose across studies was significant. Conclusion Evidence from this review and meta-analysis supports the use of SCFAs and prebiotics as novel aids in treatment of obese systemic inflammation. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020148529.

Dietary fibers obtained from Caulerpa lentillifera prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice by regulating the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles

“…24 Studies have indicated that various insoluble dietary fibers can be fermented by specific intestinal bacteria, or they enhance the SCFA-producing bacteria to promote the production of SCFAs, which is contributed to its anti-obesity effect. 28 In line with those reports, the administration of CL-IDFs or CL-TDFs significantly enriched the family of Lachnospiraceae and could promote SCFA production, suggesting that the anti-obesity effect was correlated with the production of SCFAs. The SCFA concentration suggests that the anti-obesity effect was correlated with the production of SCFAs.…”

Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Rumen Microbiota, Rumen Fermentation, and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Ruminant Animals: A Review

“…Alternatively, exogenous short chain fatty acid supplementation is used to restore VFA levels [109]. Metanalytic data show that short chain fatty acid supplementation can significantly reduce plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, LPS, and TNFα in humans and animals [110]. The anti-inflammatory activity of VFA can be synergized by the anti-inflammatory activity exerted by Se itself.…”

Effects of preoperative oral enzyme-hydrolyzed rice flour solution on gastric emptying and insulin resistance in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial

“…The main components of EHR are maltodextrin, oligosaccharide malt and polyglucose. Maltodextrin [ 35 ] is a kind of polysaccharide that is easily absorbable and relieves stress of digestive system for patients; oligosaccharide is characterized by low sweetness, low caloric, hypoosmolality, occurs continuous hydrolysis reaction in intestines which could increases blood glucose slightly and prolong the duration of energy supply; although polyglucose barely provide energy, as soluble cellulose, it increases the intestinal chyme volume and patients’ satiety, slows the absorption of carbohydrate, what is more, the short chain fatty acids produced from polyglucose by intestinal flora enhances intestinal mucosal barrier, reduce the absorption of endotoxin and play an important anti-inflammatory role which maybe one of the factors to relieve IR and promote intestinal peristalsis [ 36 , 37 ]. As a result, in the study oral EHR solution decreased VAS scores of fatigue, hunger and anxiety, reduced the incidence of nausea, enhanced handgrip strength and shorten exhaust time.…”