Short chain fatty acid absorption by the human large intestine.

McNeil, N I; Cummings, John H.; James, W. P. T.

doi:10.1136/gut.19.9.819

Cited by 413 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…20 The gases are the source of the major sideeffect of acarbose,¯atulence. The short chain fatty acids, acetate, propionate and butyrate, are absorbed from the colon, 21 providing a mechanism whereby energy from malabsorbed carbohydrate can be salvaged. Digestible carbohydrates normally provide about 4 Kcal/g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small weight loss on long-term acarbose therapy with no change in dietary pattern or nutrient intake of individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes

et al. 1997

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OBJECTIVES: To see if the long-term treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) with the a a-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose affects food intake and body weight. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design clinical trial of 12 months duration. SUBJECTS: Subjects with NIDDM in four treatment strata: 77 on diet alone, 83 also treated with metformin, 103 also treated with sulfonylurea and 91 also treated with insulin. MEASUREMENTS: Two 3 day diet records were obtained before randomization to acarbose or placebo therapy, and additional 3 day diet records were obtained at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after randomization. Body weight was also measured at these times. RESULTS: Of the 354 subjects randomized, 279 (79%) completed at least 9 months of therapy and, of these, 263 (94%) provided at least one diet record during the baseline period and two diet records during the treatment period. After one year, subjects on acarbose had lost 0.46 AE 0.28 kg, which differed signi®cantly from the 0.33 AE 0.25 kg weight gain on placebo (P 0.027). The difference in weight change between acarbose and placebo did not differ signi®cantly in the different treatment strata. Being in the study had signi®cant effects on diet, including a reduction in energy intake from 1760±1700 Kcal/d (P`0.05), a reduction in simple sugars intake from 18.5±17.4% of energy (P`0.001), and reductions in the number of different foods consumed (33±30, P`0.001) and the number of meals eaten per day (4.7± 4.3, P`0.001). However, compared to placebo treatment, acarbose had no effect on energy intake, nutrient intakes, or dietary patterns. CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with NIDDM on weight-maintaining diets, long-term acarbose therapy results in a small weight loss, but has no effect on energy or nutrient intakes. The weight loss induced by acarbose may be due partly to reduced doses of concomitant oral agents and insulin and partly to energy loss due to increased colonic fermentation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small weight loss on long-term acarbose therapy with no change in dietary pattern or nutrient intake of individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes

et al. 1997

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“…For example, fibre is fermented in the caecum both in man and the rat (Cummings et al 1978;McKay & Eastwood, 1983). The products of such fermentation are short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide (Rodkey et al 1972;McNeil et al 1977;Thomsen et al 1981). The effect of duration of feeding a fibre-supplemented diet on the metabolism of dietary fibre in the colon has not been formally studied.…”

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confidence: 99%

An experimental design to study colonic fibre fermentation in the rat: the duration of feeding

et al. 1986

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1. The time-course of metabolic adaptation by rats to diets containing either wheat bran or gum arabic was studied during a 12-week period.2. Stool weight was increased with wheat bran but not with gum arabic, and had stabilized after 4 weeks.3. Bacterial mass as measured by diaminopimelic acid content had stabilized by week 4. Bacterial mass increased on feeding gum arabic but was unchanged with wheat bran.4. There was increased caecal short-chain fatty acid, hydrogen and methane production with gum arabic but not with wheat bran. The change in caecal metabolic activity was slow to stabilize (8–12 weeks at least).5. The faecal excretion of bile acids increased twofold with the wheat-bran-supplemented diet compared with the gum-arabic-supplemented and unsupplemented diets. Relatively greater amounts of muricholic acids were present in the caeca and faeces of gum-arabic-fed rats compared with the other groups.

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“…The presence of SCFA is critical to the normal physiology of the colon. SCFA absorption from the lumen of the colon is rapid and efficient, and their uptake enhances sodium and water absorption from the lumen, thereby preventing osmotic diarrhea (2)(3)(4).…”

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Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profile in the Colon of Newborn Piglets Using Fecal Water Analysis

Murray

McClung

et al. 1987

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT. Short-chain fatty acid production and assimilation is unlikely to occur a t significant levels in the newborn because the colon at birth is sterile, and only gradually acquires an anaerobic flora. This study profiled short-chain fatty acid levels in the colon lumen over the initial 21 days of life. Fecal samples were removed surgically from the cecum, right, and left colon from 36 York piglets, 0-21 days of life. Samples were subjected to in vitro dialysis and centrifugation methods to quantitate fecal water short-chain fatty acids, electrolytes, osmolality, and pH. A three-way analysis of variance examined piglet age, colon site of fecal samples, and method of fecal water analysis, for each variable. No differences were found between techniques of fecal water collection. Newborns showed production of short-chain fatty acids a s early a s the 1st day of life in limited amounts. Levels were stable between days 5 and 14, and then abruptly accumulated in the lumen. Acetate was predominant early, with propionate and butyrate responsible for late peaks. The production and assimilation of short-chain fatty acids was nearly complete proximal to the left colon. Age and colon site showed significant interactions for each fatty acid (p < 0.001). The combined osmolar contributions of short-chain fatty acids and electrolytes accounted completely for the luminal osmolality after the 2nd wk of life. Previously there was an "osmolar gap" suggesting that lactose or its breakdown products were present in the lumen and were being removed by pathways other than through short-chain fatty acid production. (Pediatr Res 22:720-724, 1987) Abbreviations SCFA, short-chain fatty acids CEN, centrifugation DIA, in vitro dialysis POST-DIA, postdialysis centrifugation ANOVA, analysis of variance ip, intraperitonealThe passage of carbohydrates across the ileocecal valve is a normal phenomenon throughout life. A metabolic pathway for carbohydrate digestion in the colon has been well established (1). In the anaerobic environment of the colon, fecal organisms ferment carbohydrate to gasses (H2, C02, CH4) and SCFA (acetate, butyrate, and propionate). The presence of SCFA is critical to the normal physiology of the colon. SCFA absorption from the lumen of the colon is rapid and efficient, and their

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Short chain fatty acid absorption by the human large intestine.

Cited by 413 publications

References 22 publications

Small weight loss on long-term acarbose therapy with no change in dietary pattern or nutrient intake of individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes

Small weight loss on long-term acarbose therapy with no change in dietary pattern or nutrient intake of individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes

An experimental design to study colonic fibre fermentation in the rat: the duration of feeding

Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profile in the Colon of Newborn Piglets Using Fecal Water Analysis

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