Progress in de®eloping equations of state for the calculation of fluid-phase equilibria is re®iewed. There are many alternati®e equations of state capable of calculating the phase equilibria of a di®erse range of fluids. A wide range of equations of state from cubic equations for simple molecules to theoretically-based equations for molecular chains is considered. An o®er®iew is also gi®en of work on mixing rules that are used to apply equations of state to mixtures. Historically, the de®elopment of equations of state has been largely empirical. Howe®er, equations of state are being formulated increasingly with the benefit of greater theoretical insights. It is now quite common to use molecular simulation data to test the theoretical basis of equations of state. Many of these theoretically-based equations are capable of pro®iding reliable calculations, particularly for large molecules.