Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in aquatic organisms from an e-waste site: Biomagnification and maternal transfer

Trophic Magnification of Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Terrestrial Food Webs and Their Bioamplification in Insects and Amphibians during Metamorphosis

“…Details on the extraction, cleanup, and quantification of SCCPs and MCCPs in biotic and abiotic samples have been provided in previous studies. ,, Briefly, after spiking with internal standards (10 ng of ε -HCH), 1 g (dry weight) of the lyophilized samples (whole-body or muscle) were extracted via the Soxhlet method for 48 h using hexane/dichloromethane (1/1, v/v). The extracts were purified using concentrated sulfuric acid and further cleaned in a multilayer Florisil silica gel column.…”

“…The most and second-most abundant isotope ions were used for quantification and identification, respectively. All pertinent mass-to-charge ratios were published in our previous study . In order to improve instrument sensitivity and reduce interference from MCCPs, the monitored ions were divided into four groups: C 10 and C 15 , C 11 and C 16 , C 12 and C 17 , and C 13 and C 14 .…”

“…All pertinent mass-to-charge ratios were published in our previous study. 28 In order to improve instrument sensitivity and reduce interference from MCCPs, the monitored ions were divided into four groups: C 10 and C 15 , C 11 and C 16 , C 12 and C 17 , and C 13 and C 14 . The concentrations and congener group patterns of SCCPs and MCCPs in the standards and samples were quantified using the procedure described by Tomy et al 30,31 and Reth et al 32 Details of the validation of the identification and quantification method are provided in SI.…”

“…Electronic waste (e-waste) poses a critical global environmental health issue, especially in developing countries . Particularly, CPs have been frequently detected in aquatic and terrestrial organisms (e.g., fish and birds) collected from e-waste recycling regions. ,− In this study, a total of 13 terrestrial species (including insect, frog, toad, lizard, and bird species), as well as soil and plant samples were collected from an e-waste recycling site in South China. The concentrations and homologue profiles of SCCPs and MCCPs were measured in all samples and terrestrial food web TMFs were calculated.…”

Optimization and validation of an analytical method for the quantification of short- and medium-chained chlorinated paraffins in food by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

“…Fridén (2010) indicated that dietary intake may account for as much as 85% of non-occupational exposure to SCCPs in Sweden, while assessments in Canada (CEPA, 2008) and China (Gao et al, 2018) have each drawn similar conclusions. Both plant and animal food products may become contaminated with CPs via bioaccumulation in the environment (Li et al, 2019;Dong et al, 2020;Guan et al, 2020), though research has also evidenced transfer from food processing equipment (Yuan et al, 2017) and food packaging (Wang et al, 2019). Studies from Asia and Europe have determined SCCPs and MCCPs in a variety of foodstuffs, including fish, meat, oil, milk and plant-based foods (NFA, 2017;Huang et al, 2018;Dong et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020).…”