Short and Long Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Impact on Health in India: A Systematic Review

Rajak, Rahul; Chattopadhyay, Aparajita

doi:10.1080/09603123.2019.1612042

Cited by 73 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Air pollution is becoming an increasing concern around the world. Several reports have shown associations between acute or chronic exposure to air pollution and morbidity or mortality (1)(2)(3). Previous studies have shown association between ambient air pollution exposure and clinical events such as emergency visit, hospital admission for respiratory diseases (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), cardiovascular diseases (7,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and cerebrovascular diseases (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of air pollutants on daily mortality and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases

Pothirat¹,

Chaiwong²,

Liwsrisakun³

et al. 2019

J. Thorac. Dis

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is one of the districts in Chiang Mai, Thailand facing high level of seasonal air pollution every year, the exposure of community dwellers to outdoor air pollutants 24 hours a day during seasonal smog period because of their open-air housing style, and agricultural occupational hazard. In addition, Chiang Dao hospital is the only available hospital serving the community with open-air wards; therefore we could certainly to identify the association between air pollution and mortality of hospitalized patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the association between daily average seasonal air pollutants and daily mortality of hospitalized patients and community dwellers as well as emergency and hospitalization visits for serious respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. Methods: This time series study was conducted between 1 March 2016 and 31 March 2017. The association of various air pollutant concentrations including particulate matter diameter less than 10 and 2.5 microns (PM 10 and PM 2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO 2), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O 3) and daily mortality of hospitalized patients and community dwellers as well as relationship with frequencies of serious respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases were analyzed using a general linear model with Poisson distribution. Results: Only PM 2.5 was found to be associated with increased daily mortality of hospitalized patients (lag day 6, adjusted RR =1.153, 95% CI: 1.001-1.329), whereas PM 10 , PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and O 3 were associated with increased daily non-accidental mortality of community dwellers (lag day 0-7, adjusted RR =1.006-1.040, 95% CI: 1.000-1.074). For acute serious respiratory events; PM 10 and PM 2.5 were associated with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), while SO 2 , CO, and O 3 were associated with emergency visits for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). O 3 was associated with emergency visits for heart failure (HF), NO 2 with emergency visits for myocardial infarction (MI), and SO 2 with hospitalized visits for cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Conclusions: Seasonal air pollutants were found to be associated with higher mortality among hospitalized patients and community dwellers with varying effects on severe acute respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of air pollutants on daily mortality and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases

Pothirat¹,

Chaiwong²,

Liwsrisakun³

et al. 2019

J. Thorac. Dis

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“…Various sizes of PM can affect children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health issues. However, long-term exposure to PM 2.5 is most associated with morbidity and premature mortality [32], and has been described as one of the leading risk factors for premature mortality contributing to 800,000 premature deaths each year [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Health Effects Following Repeated Exposure and Cessation to Wintertime Particulate Matter from California and China

Yuan¹,

Velasquez²,

Wu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Epidemiological studies show a strong association between fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) air pollution and adverse pulmonary effects. While PM concentration can vary by time and location, PM toxicity has been most recently linked to both physicochemical composition and exposure scenario. To study the relevance of particle characteristics to toxicity, winter PM 2.5 samples were obtained from three geographically similar regions (Sacramento, California, USA; Jinan, Shandong, China; and Taiyuan, Shanxi, China), with typically high atmospheric PM 2.5 emissions. PM extract samples (PM CA , PM SD , and PM SX , respectively) were administered by oropharyngeal aspiration (OPA) to different groups of BALB/C mice, at equal mass concentrations [0 (water vehicle control only) or 20 µg/50 µL], on five different occasions over a two-week period, for a cumulative PM dose of 0 or 100 µg/mouse. Mice were necropsied on Days 1, 2 and 4 after the final exposure, and pulmonary effects were evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), histopathology, quantitative polymerase chain reaction tests, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Unique differences were noted in the chemical composition for each geographic region with PM SX containing the highest concentration of sulfates (organic and inorganic). A systematic examination of the time lag effects of repeated PM exposure demonstrated unique differences. In mice administered PM SX versus the control, BAL neutrophilia, alveolitis, and bronchiolitis were observed on Days 1 and 4. By Day 4, PM SX -exposed mice also exhibited increased gene expression for multiple inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (interleukin 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, chemokine C-X-C motif ligands-3 and -5), and increased levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 relative to control-, PM CA -, or PM SD -exposed mice . Conclusions: Direct comparison of the toxic effects of three geographically different PM samples on an equal mass basis demonstrate unique pathobiology with increasing lag time post-exposure. Higher sulfate levels in PM SX versus PM CA and PM SD may contribute to the greater inflammatory responses noted that progressed over time.

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“…7 Exposure to ambient PM 2·5 is associated with asthma exacerbations, cardiovascular events, and premature deaths, and is associated with 26·2% of global disability adjusted life years. 7,8 Within India, there are variations with respect to weather, pollens and fungal spores, insects such as cockroaches, and other living conditions, and meteorological data regarding environmental allergens are sparse. 9 This variation in conditions and absence of data is further complicated by an absence of access to standardised allergen extracts for skin tests in India, making an accurate allergy diagnosis challenging, leading to poor characterisation of disease and generating unreliable epidemiological data.…”

Section: The Burden Of Allergic Diseases In the Indian Subcontinent: mentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of allergic diseases in the Indian subcontinent: barriers and challenges

Krishna

Mahesh

Vedanthan³

et al. 2020

The Lancet Global Health

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Short and Long Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Impact on Health in India: A Systematic Review

Cited by 73 publications

References 74 publications

Acute effects of air pollutants on daily mortality and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases

Acute effects of air pollutants on daily mortality and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases

Pulmonary Health Effects Following Repeated Exposure and Cessation to Wintertime Particulate Matter from California and China

The burden of allergic diseases in the Indian subcontinent: barriers and challenges

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