Short- and long-term effects of dietary l-tryptophan supplementation on the neuroendocrine stress response in seawater-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Basic, Dean; Krogdahl, Åshild; Schjolden, Joachim; Winberg, Svante; Vindas, Marco A.; Hillestad, Marie; Mayer, Ian; Skjerve, Eystein; Höglund, Erik

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.01.014

Cited by 28 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Reduced post-stress plasma cortisol levels have been observed in rainbow trout the day after 7-d treatment with Trp-supplemented feed (6)(7)(8) . Studies in brown trout (Salmo trutta) (5) , cod (Gadus morhua) (16) and Atlantic salmon (15) confirm the stress-reducing effects observed the day after a 7-d Trp treatment period. Still, there are a few studies in which no effect on post-stress plasma cortisol levels could be detected 1 d post Trp treatment (15,16,24) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…These sampling times were chosen to investigate the duration of the suppression of the HPI-axis reactivity, appearing between 2 and 10 d after dietary Trp treatment in Atlantic salmon (15) , and to investigate the involvement of hypothalamic and telencephalic 5-HT in these changes. Three individuals from each tank were sampled just after the crowding stress.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, 5-HT plays a central role in the regulation of the HPA/I axis by affecting hypothalamic CRF (11)(12)(13)(14) . However, recent fish studies suggest long-term effects of dietary Trp on stress responsiveness which are independent of hypothalamic 5-HT (15,16) . In addition to hypothalamic control of the HPI-axis activity, 5-HT in the limbic system in the telencephalon takes part in the regulation of the HPI/A axis (17) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To do this, Atlantic salmon were given feed containing one, two or three times the Trp content in normal feed for 1 week, a treatment period that has repeatedly been shown to induce behavioural and neuroendocrine changes in several fish species (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)15,16) . Following TRP treatment, the effects on plasma cortisol and 5-HT in the hypothalamus and telencephalon were investigated (8 and 21 d post Trp treatment) in response to standardised acute crowding stress.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dietaryl-tryptophan leaves a lasting impression on the brain and the stress response

et al. 2017

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Comparative models suggest that effects of dietary tryptophan (Trp) on brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) neurochemistry and stress responsiveness are present throughout the vertebrate lineage. Moreover, hypothalamic 5-HT seems to play a central role in control of the neuroendocrine stress axis in all vertebrates. Still, recent fish studies suggest long-term effects of dietary Trp on stress responsiveness, which are independent of hypothalamic 5-HT. Here, we investigated if dietary Trp treatment may result in long-lasting effects on stress responsiveness, including changes in plasma cortisol levels and 5-HT neurochemistry in the telencephalon and hypothalamus of Atlantic salmon. Fish were fed diets containing one, two or three times the Trp content in normal feed for 1 week. Subsequently, fish were reintroduced to control feed and were exposed to acute crowding stress for 1 h, 8 and 21 d post Trp treatment. Generally, acute crowding resulted in lower plasma cortisol levels in fish treated with 3×Trp compared with 1×Trp- and 2×Trp-treated fish. The same general pattern was reflected in telencephalic 5-HTergic turnover, for which 3×Trp-treated fish showed decreased values compared with 2×Trp-treated fish. These long-term effects on post-stress plasma cortisol levels and concomitant 5-HT turnover in the telencephalon lends further support to the fact that the extrahypothalamic control of the neuroendocrine stress response is conserved within the vertebrate lineage. Moreover, they indicate that trophic/structural effects in the brain underlie the effects of dietary Trp treatment on stress reactivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Dietaryl-tryptophan leaves a lasting impression on the brain and the stress response

et al. 2017

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“…Functional amino acids could be used to design balanced aquafeeds to enhance the efficiency and profitability of global aquaculture production [9]. Furthermore, we tested the same dosages and administration time that those used previously in other fish species [17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Dietary Tryptophan and Aspartate on the Immune Response of Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) after Stress

González-Silvera

Herrera

Giráldez

et al. 2018

Fishes

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Stress is one of the main problems of farmed fish, where it has been seen to result in a variety of disorders and negative effects. It is considered very important to minimize such effects and one option is the use of dietary additives. In the present experiment, meagre (Argyrosomus regius) specimens were fed three different diets: a control diet consisting of a commercial feed, a tryptophan-supplemented diet and an aspartate-supplemented diet. For each diet, fish were divided into three subgroups: non-stressed (resting), exposed to crowding or air-exposed. Just before the stress, and one and six hours post-stress, serum samples were taken to study several immune parameters (protease, antiprotease, peroxidase and lysozyme) and the bactericidal activity against three fish-pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio angillarum, V. harveyi and Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida). The results demonstrated that feeding the animals with the supplemented diets modulates the seric immune parameters, particularly when animals were stressed by air exposure.

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The Versatile Amino Acid: Tryptophan—‘More Controlling than Fueling’

Steinberg

2022

Aquatic Animal Nutrition

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Short- and long-term effects of dietary l-tryptophan supplementation on the neuroendocrine stress response in seawater-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Cited by 28 publications

References 37 publications

Dietaryl-tryptophan leaves a lasting impression on the brain and the stress response

Dietaryl-tryptophan leaves a lasting impression on the brain and the stress response

Effects of the Dietary Tryptophan and Aspartate on the Immune Response of Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) after Stress

The Versatile Amino Acid: Tryptophan—‘More Controlling than Fueling’

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