Short and long-term effects of single and multiple sessions of electroconvulsive therapy on brain gray matter volumes

Exploring New Electroencephalogram Parameters in Electroconvulsive Therapy

“…Although monitoring of seizure quality has been recommended across the course of treatment, 11 the general guidelines for monitoring ECT are still vague and there is considerable interindividual variation. 12 Electroencephalograms are commonly analyzed in terms of their frequency components grouped into delta (0.7-3.5 Hz), theta (3.5-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), and gamma (>25 Hz), both under normal function and during seizures. The spectral power in these waves characteristically drops several orders of magnitude from low to high frequencies 13 and can be characterized in terms of a power law p ∼ f a , where f is the frequency and a is negative.…”

“…3 A recent study suggested that some volume change in the gray matter is apparent 2 hours after the first ECT. 20 The volumetric changes are known to correlate with the number of treatments given in an ECT series, to depend on electrode positions 19 and to correlate with the local electrical field. 21,22 However, Takamiya et al 22 found the volume expansion in the medial temporal lobe correlated with the cumulative seizure duration, and not the simulated electrical field.…”

“…Abbreviations: AIC -Akaike information criterion, BDI -Beck Depression Inventory, cAIC -consistent Akaike information criterion, ECTclectroconvulsive therapy, EEG -electroencephalogram, LU -least upper, LSQ -least squares, MADRS -Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, MSC -maximum sustained coherence, PS -postictal suppression, PSD -power spectral density, TPC -time to peak coherence (J ECT 2024;40:[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] …”

“…Volumetric changes in the gray matter after ECT were first observed in the hippocampus, 18,19 although these changes are not only restricted to the medial temporal lobe 3 . A recent study suggested that some volume change in the gray matter is apparent 2 hours after the first ECT 20 …”

Treatment with morning blue light increases left amygdala volume and sleep duration among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder

“…Decreased volume of the amygdala appears to be a particularly common finding, but there is uncertainty as to whether this represents a stable pre-existing risk factor for PTSD or if volume reductions emerge as a result of the stress response to trauma. Moreover, there is ample evidence to suggest that GMV is somewhat plastic and can be modified with experience ( Ditye et al, 2013 ; Sun et al, 2016 ; Wenger et al, 2017 , 2021 ; Ueno et al, 2018 ) or treatment ( Perini et al, 2017 ; Butler et al, 2018 ; Mancke et al, 2018 ; Husain et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Brancati et al, 2021 ; Schading et al, 2021 ; Soshi et al, 2021 ; Yang et al, 2021 ). Nevertheless, there has been relatively little research examining longitudinal changes in GMV over a course of treatment or with measured changes in relevant PTSD symptoms.…”