Short- and long-term action of multiple doses of ivermectin on loiasis microfilaremia.

Kombila, Maryvonne; Duong, Thanh Haï; Ferrer, Alain; Perret, Jean‐Luc; Marion, Marie-Christine; Nguiri, Christophe; Gaxotte, P; Manfoumbi, Mabika; Richard-Lenoble, D

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1998.58.458

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…1998). After repeated rounds of ivermectin treatment intensity of infection has been shown to decrease (Kombila et al. 1998), thus presumably reducing the risk of PLERM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in incidence of serious adverse events after onchocerciasis treatment with ivermectin in areas of Cameroon co‐endemic for loiasis

Twum-Danso¹,

Meredith²

2003

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…1998). After repeated rounds of ivermectin treatment intensity of infection has been shown to decrease (Kombila et al. 1998), thus presumably reducing the risk of PLERM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in incidence of serious adverse events after onchocerciasis treatment with ivermectin in areas of Cameroon co‐endemic for loiasis

Twum-Danso¹,

Meredith²

2003

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…Vaccination against larval infection is possible, as dose-dependent responses have been demonstrated using killed and irradiated microfilarial and larval vaccines of several filarial worm species, and abbreviated larval infections with D. immitis [67, 90, 92, 108], O. volvulus [109], Loa loa [110], B. malayi [71, 111] and W. bancrofti [112]. Additionally, concurrent administration of the immunostimulant Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) with an abbreviated larval infection elicited a stronger protective immune response than an abbreviated infection without FCA, or an irradiated infection alone [92].…”

Section: Administration To Filarial Wormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, repeated doses at sufficient intervals with either live or killed vaccines elicit a memory response, which results in a higher antibody titer and more effective immune protection [93, 109, 110, 112]. …”

Section: Administration To Filarial Wormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the role of macrolides and host immunity in combatting filarial parasites

Carithers

2017

Parasites Vectors

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Macrocyclic lactones (MLs), specifically the avermectins and milbemycins, are known for their effectiveness against a broad spectrum of disease-causing nematodes and arthropods in humans and animals. In most nematodes, drugs in this class induce paralysis, resulting in starvation, impaired ability to remain associated with their anatomical environment, and death of all life stages. Initially, this was also thought to be the ML mode of action against filarial nematodes, but researchers have not been able to validate these characteristic effects of immobilization/starvation of MLs in vitro, even at higher doses than are possible in vivo. Relatively recently, ML receptor sites exclusively located proximate to the excretory-secretory (ES) apparatus were identified in Brugia malayi microfilaria and an ML-induced suppression of secretory protein release by B. malayi microfilariae was demonstrated in vitro. It is hypothesized here that suppression of these ES proteins prevents the filarial worm from interfering with the host’s complement cascade, reducing the ability of the parasite to evade the immune system. Live microfilariae and/or larvae, thus exposed, are attacked and presented to the host’s innate immune mechanisms and are ultimately killed by the immune response, not the ML drug. These live, exposed filarial worms stimulate development of innate, cellular and humoral immune responses that when properly stimulated, are capable of clearing all larvae or microfilariae present in the host, regardless of their individual sensitivity to MLs. Additional research in this area can be expected to improve our understanding of the relationships among filarial worms, MLs, and the host immune system, which likely would have implications in filarial disease management in humans and animals.

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“…One month after a single dose of 50-200 mg/kg, microfilarial loads fall to ,20% of their initial values (Richard-Lenoble et al, 1988;Kamgno et al, 2000), and this suppression of microfilaraemias persists for at least 1 year (Gardon et al, 1997b). After repeated monthly treatments, microfilarial counts fall to negligible levels (Kombila et al, 1998). The mechanisms associated with the long-term effect of ivermectin are not known but macrofilaricidal activity seems unlikely because ivermectin, unlike DEC, does not seem to induce the migration of live adult worms, or the appearance of nodules with dead worms, under the skin.…”

Section: Treatment and Prophylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

Loiasis

Boussinesq

2006

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology

177

145

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Loiasis affects millions of individuals living in the forest and savannah regions of Central Africa. In some areas, this disease constitutes one of the most common reasons for medical consultation. The burden posed by loiasis is probably under-estimated and, in addition, individuals harbouring high Loa microfilarial loads are at risk of developing serious neurological reactions after treatment with diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin. These events are currently significantly hampering the development of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control, and operational research is required to address the issue. The results of recent studies, involving either human populations from endemic areas or monkey models, have provided much more detail of the mechanisms associated with amicrofilaraemic or so-called 'occult' loiasis. New diagnostic tools have also been developed in the last decade, and various protocols are now available for the risk-free treatment of loiasis cases.

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Short- and long-term action of multiple doses of ivermectin on loiasis microfilaremia.

Abstract: One hundred nine Gabonese patients infected with Loa loa microfilariae were treated with ivermectin (200 g/kg of body weight

Cited by 28 publications

References 10 publications

Variation in incidence of serious adverse events after onchocerciasis treatment with ivermectin in areas of Cameroon co‐endemic for loiasis

Variation in incidence of serious adverse events after onchocerciasis treatment with ivermectin in areas of Cameroon co‐endemic for loiasis

Examining the role of macrolides and host immunity in combatting filarial parasites

Loiasis

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