Short Anabolic Peptides for Bone Growth

Abstract

Loss of bone occurs in the age-related skeletal disorder, osteoporosis, leading to bone fragility and increased incidence of fractures, which are associated with enormous costs and substantial morbidity and mortality. Recent data indicate that osteoporotic fractures are more common than other diseases, which usually attract public attention (e.g., heart attack and breast cancer). The prevention and treatment of this skeletal disorder are therefore of paramount importance. Majority of osteoporosis medications restore skeletal balance by reducing osteoclastic activity, thereby reducing bone resorption. These agents, however, do not regenerate damaged bone tissue, leaving limited options for patients once bone loss has occurred. Recently, attention has turned to bone-anabolic agents. Such agents have the ability to increase bone mass and strength, potentially reversing structural damage. To date, only one bone-anabolic drug is available in the market. The discovery of more novel, cost-effective bone anabolic agents is therefore a priority to treat those suffering from this disabling condition. Short peptides offer an important alternative for the development of novel bone-anabolic agents given their high target binding specificity, which translates into potent activity with limited side effects. This review summarizes attempts in the identification of bone-anabolic peptides, and their development for promoting bone growth.

Anti-Arthritic Effect of Chicken Embryo Tissue Hydrolyzate Against Adjuvant Arthritis in Rats (X-Ray Microtomographic and Histopathological Analysis)

“…The osteoanabolic role of bioactive peptides cannot be ruled out in the detected effect of CETH. According to Amso et al [84] and Mada et al [85], individual short food peptides can reduce the expression of inflammatory and resorbing cytokines and stimulate differentiation of osteoblasts by increasing the expression of osteogenic genes and the activity of antioxidant enzymes.…”

Nonunion fractures, mesenchymal stem cells and bone tissue engineering

“…TP508 has shown positive stimulatory effects in the healing of diabetic ulcers and in the repair of fractures to the distal aspect of the radius in phase‐1 and phase‐2 human clinical studies . Since 2012, TP508 has been provided and commercialized as a prescriptive drug for tissue regeneration applications.…”

“…It is worth to mention that the number of short anabolic peptides with application in bone tissue engineering far exceeds the limits of this review. A comprehensive review on the small anabolic molecules with potential applications in bone fracture healing has been published recently which can be consulted for further information …”

“…A number of different cell types including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different sources (adipocyte, bone marrow [BM]), embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) may be used . A large number of growth factors including bone morphogenic proteins, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet derived growth factor, and anabolic therapies such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteostatin (OSN), osteogenic growth peptide are frequently used in bone tissue engineering …”

Novel cathepsin K inhibitors block osteoclasts in vitro and increase spinal bone density in zebrafish

“…The most commonly prescribed OP medications include nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, denosumab, raloxifene, hormone replacement therapy, and calcitonin. 4 Although these therapies improve the quality of life in patients with OP, they have many side effects. [5][6][7] Thus, the discovery of novel OP medications is a priority that would provide new options for OP patients and represent a major advancement in the treatment of OP.…”