Shooting habits of youth recreational firearm users

Stewart, Michael G.; Meinke, Deanna K.; Snyders, Jessica K.; Howerton, Kayla

doi:10.3109/14992027.2013.857437

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…While 31% of our sample reported exposure to gunfire, only 47% of our subjects reported using HPDs sometimes or always when firing a gun. Similar findings were reported recently by Stewart et al (2014) where 25% of young (10–17 years) recreational firearm users reported usually or always wearing HPDs while hunting and 72% reported usually or always wearing HPDs while target shooting. Counseling regarding the hazards associated with impulse noise and need to use HPDs consistently remains an area of need.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Noise Exposure Questionnaire: A Tool for Quantifying Annual Noise Exposure

et al. 2017

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Background Exposure to both occupational and non-occupational noise is recognized as a risk factor for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Although audiologists routinely inquire regarding history of noise exposure, there are limited tools available for quantifying this history or for identifying those individuals who are at highest risk for NIHL. Identifying those at highest risk would allow hearing conservation activities to be focused on those individuals. Purpose To develop a detailed, task-based questionnaire for quantifying an individual’s annual noise exposure arising from both occupational and non-occupational sources (aim 1) and to develop a short screening tool that could be used to identify individuals at high risk of NIHL (aim 2). Research Design Review of relevant literature for questionnaire development followed by a cross-sectional descriptive and correlational investigation of the newly developed questionnaire and screening tool. Study Sample One hundred fourteen college freshmen completed the detailed questionnaire for estimating annual noise exposure (aim 1) and answered the potential screening questions (aim 2). An additional 59 adults participated in data collection where the accuracy of the screening tool was evaluated (aim 2). Data Collection and Analysis In study aim 1, all subjects completed the detailed questionnaire and the potential screening questions. Descriptive statistics were used to quantify subject participation in various noisy activities and their associated annual noise exposure estimates. In study aim 2, linear regression techniques were used to identify screening questions that could be used to predict a subject’s estimated annual noise exposure. Clinical decision theory was then used to assess the accuracy with which the screening tool predicted high and low risk of NIHL in a new group of subjects. Results Responses on the detailed questionnaire indicated that our sample of college freshmen reported high rates of participation in a variety of occupational and non-occupational activities associated with high sound levels. Although participation rates were high, annual noise exposure estimates were below highest-risk levels for many subjects because the frequency of participation in these activities was low in many cases. These data illustrate how the Noise Exposure Questionnaire (NEQ) could be used to provide detailed and specific information regarding an individual’s exposure to noise. The results of aim 2 suggest that the screening tool, the 1-Minute Noise Screen, can be used to identify those subjects with high- and low-risk noise exposure, allowing more in-depth assessment of noise exposure history to be targeted at those most at risk. Conclusions The NEQ can be used to estimate an individual’s annual noise exposure and the 1-Minute Noise Screen can be used to identify those subjects at highest risk of NIHL. These tools allow audiologists to focus hearing conservation efforts on those individuals who are most in need of those services.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Noise Exposure Questionnaire: A Tool for Quantifying Annual Noise Exposure

et al. 2017

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“…However, .22 caliber ammunition is comparatively inexpensive, which leads to increased number of shots per shooting event. The firearms used for hunting produce a greater auditory risk for individual shots and are more likely to be fired without hearing protectors in place by youth Model (Stewart et al, 2014). Hunters of any age have an ever-increasing choice of affordable electronic and level-dependent hearing protection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firearms were selected based upon the study by Stewart et al (2014) and availability. Ammunition varied for each firearm and more than one type of ammunition or choke (used to constrict the muzzle for tighter shot patterns) configuration was investigated for five firearms, resulting in a total of 26 shooting configurations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Youth are actively engaged in the use of recreational firearms beginning at a young age as reported in the companion paper by Stewart et al (2014). Youth in this context refers to both child and adolescent shooters under the age of 18 years who engage in the sport.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Youth appear to be just as likely to shoot firearms commonly used by adults and are not limited to exposure from small caliber firearms (Stewart et al, 2014). Ammunition choice will vary between the preferred load selected for hunting and the load used for target shooting unless specifically sighting in a firearm for hunting purposes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Auditory risk estimates for youth target shooting

Meinke

Murphy

Finan

et al. 2014

International Journal of Audiology

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Objective To characterize the impulse noise exposure and auditory risk for youth recreational firearm users engaged in outdoor target shooting events. The youth shooting positions are typically standing or sitting at a table, which places the firearm closer to the ground or reflective surface when compared to adult shooters. Design Acoustic characteristics were examined and the auditory risk estimates were evaluated using contemporary damage-risk criteria for unprotected adult listeners and the 120-dB peak limit suggested by the World Health Organization (1999) for children. Study sample Impulses were generated by 26 firearm/ammunition configurations representing rifles, shotguns, and pistols used by youth. Measurements were obtained relative to a youth shooter’s left ear. Results All firearms generated peak levels that exceeded the 120 dB peak limit suggested by the WHO for children. In general, shooting from the seated position over a tabletop increases the peak levels, LAeq8 and reduces the unprotected maximum permissible exposures (MPEs) for both rifles and pistols. Pistols pose the greatest auditory risk when fired over a tabletop. Conclusion Youth should utilize smaller caliber weapons, preferably from the standing position, and always wear hearing protection whenever engaging in shooting activities to reduce the risk for auditory damage.

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Noise Exposure and Use of Hearing Protection Among Adolescents in Rural Areas

Reel

Hicks

Arnold³

2022

Am J Audiol

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Purpose: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) has been found in rural children, potentially due to occupational and recreational noise exposure without consistent use of hearing protection devices (HPDs). However, questions remain regarding the specifics of rural adolescents' noise exposure and use of hearing protection around different types of noise. As such, the purpose of the current study was to provide preliminary results on rural adolescents' noise exposure and use of hearing protection for gunfire, heavy machinery, power tools, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and music. Method: A questionnaire was administered to 197 students (seventh to 12th grade) from rural schools in West Texas. Questions were related to noise exposure and use of HPDs for specific categories of noise. Testing was performed at the schools, with an investigator recording each student's responses. Results: Approximately 18%–44% of adolescents reported exposure 12 or more times a year to gunfire, heavy machinery, power tools, and ATVs. Only 1%–18% of the adolescents reported never being exposed to such noise sources. Almost half of rural adolescents never used hearing protection around gunfire, and 77%–91% reported never wearing hearing protection when exposed to heavy machinery, power tools, and ATVs. Conclusions: The current study revealed that rural adolescents are exposed to noise sources that could damage their hearing. However, the majority of rural adolescents do not consistently wear hearing protection. Additional research is now needed to extend these findings by assessing rural adolescents' duration of exposure to different noise sources, in addition to investigating prevention of NIHL in this population. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17139335

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Shooting habits of youth recreational firearm users

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Noise Exposure Questionnaire: A Tool for Quantifying Annual Noise Exposure

Noise Exposure Questionnaire: A Tool for Quantifying Annual Noise Exposure

Auditory risk estimates for youth target shooting

Noise Exposure and Use of Hearing Protection Among Adolescents in Rural Areas

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