Shoot Regeneration from Anther Culture of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and Some Interspecific Hybrids as Affected by Genotype and Culture Procedure

Abstract

Anther culture has been demonstrated to be an applicable technique for the development of doubled haploid, i. e. homozygous lines of many crop species. In some species, androgenetic doubled haploids have already been shown to be a useful tool for breeding. However, anther culture results in sunflower have been rather unsatisfactory up to now.As in other species, anther culture response of sunflower {Helianthus sp.) is strongly affected by physical, nutritional, physiological and genetical factors. By testing a number of different culture parameters, i. e. donor plant stages, culture media and conditions, and appropriate schedule could be worked out for the successful regeneration of shoots -at least for a number of sunflower lines and interspecific hybrids.

Isolation of reduced genotypes of Hieracium pilosella using anther culture

“…The bud stage found to yield the highest percentage of anther calluses, 3.5 mm in diameter, corresponded to the early uninucleate stage of microsporogenesis in most of the developing florets. The early-to-mid uninucleate stage is reported as being an appropriate time for harvesting anthers of cereals (Dunwell, 1985), Brassica (Wenzel & Foroughi-Wehr, 1984) and the Asteraceous species safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius) (Prasad et al, 1990) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) (Bohorova et al, 1985;Gurel et al, 1991;Thengane et al, 1994). Greater than 50% of floret isolations callused when harvested from capitula with diameters of between 2.9 and 3.8 mm.…”

Ploidy Manipulation and Introgression of Resistance to Alternaria Helianthi from Wild Hexaploid Helianthus Species to Cultivated Sunflower (H. annuus L.) Aided by Anther Culture

“…Anther culture has been reported for crosses involving cultivated sunflower and wild Helianthus species and the regeneration frequencies for hybrids involving the hexaploid species was high as compared to those from crosses with diploid perennials (Jonard and Mezzarobba 1990). Gurel et al (1991) and Nurhidayah et al (1996) demonstrated the high regeneration potential of the anthers of interspecific hybrids involving hexaploid species. The regeneration frequency achieved in this study is high as compared to the other studies.…”

“…It requires a large number of anther culture plantlets to be analyzed for both ploidy status and reaction to A. helianthi and highly fertile diploid plantlets with high degree of resistance to the target pathogen could be selected for further advancement of generation. In vitro studies on H. annuus · H. tuberosus including anther culture were reported earlier but were mostly confined to assess the morphogenic competence of various tissues and utilization of these products in transfer of desirable traits into sunflower has not been presented (Witrzens et al 1988;Jonard and Mezzarobba 1990;Gurel et al 1991;Pugliesi et al 1993;Fambrini et al 1996;Nurhidayah et al 1996). But the present investigation revealed information about the high regeneration potential of the interspecific hybrids involving hexaploid Helianthus species which are important sources of disease and insect resistance and utility of anther culture plants of these hybrids in introgression of resistance to A. helianthi in to cultivated sunflower which is a major production constraint of sunflower crop in the semi-arid tropics.…”

“…Anther culture studies of the interspecific hybrids have been reported earlier but the studies were confined to establishment of protocols (Alissa et al 1986;Jonard and Mezzarobba 1990;Gurel et al 1991;Nurhidayah et al 1996). In this study, we analyzed the anther culture plants derived from the interspecific hybrids between H. annuus and two hexaploid species for their reaction to A. helianthi in addition to their chromosome status so as to utilize them in the breeding programmes aimed at introgression of resistance to this devastating foliar disease.…”

Published doubled haploid protocols in plant species

“…We hope that publication of this list will help in further application of DH technology in crop improvement and basic research. Shamina, 1986, 1993;Contolini and Menzel, 1987;Stelly et al, 1988;Bajaj and Gill, 1997;Khushwinder et al, 1998Guizotia abyssinica a Makhmudov, 1978Chaudhari, 1979;Mahill et al, 1984;Sarvesh et al, 1993;Adda et al, 1994 Mezzarobba and Jonard, 1986;Hongyuan et irr al., 1986;Gelebart and San, 1987;Gurel et al, 1991;Thengane et al, 1994;Coumans and Zhong, 1995;Zhong et al, 1995;Nurhidayah et al, 1996;Badigannavar and Kuruvinashetti, 1996;Todorova et al, 1997;Friedt et al, 1997;Saji and Sujatha, 1998;Todorova and Ivanov, 1999 Dryanovska, 1966;Prakash and Giles, 1986;Miki-Hirosige et al, 1988;Qu et al, 1988;Han et al, 1997Han et al, , 1999 Rose et al, 1987a;Pasakinskiene et al, 1997;Humphreys et al, 1998;Zare et al, 1999Rose et al, 1987a,b Ormerod and Caligari, 1994Sator et al, 1982Fan et al, 1982Gulshan et al, 1981Zagorska et al, ...…”