Shoot initiation in light‐ and dark‐grown tobacco callus: the role of ethylene

Huxter, Terry J.; Thorpe, Trevor A.; Reid, David M.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1981.tb04507.x

Cited by 102 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…As occurred at the highest ACC concentration in this study, a scarce bud formation but enhanced bud development (higher PR) in media supplemented with ethylene has also been reported by other authors, e.g. Huxter et al (1981). Ethylene production has also been described as influencing the development of somatic embryos in several works that have reported regeneration through the embryogenic pathway (Ptak et al 2009;Lu et al 2011).…”

Section: Effect On Organogenesis Of Different Doses Of Ethylene Inhibsupporting

confidence: 64%

The influence of ethylene and ethylene modulators on shoot organogenesis in tomato

Trujillo-Moya

Gisbert

2012

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Abstract:The influence of ethylene and ethylene modulators on the in vitro organogenesis of tomato was studied using a highly regenerating accession of the wild tomato Solanum pennellii and an F1 plant resulting from a cross between Solanum pennellii and Solanum lycopersicum cv. Anl27, which is known to have a low regeneration frequency. Four ethylene-modulating compounds, each at four levels, were used, namely: cobalt chloride (CoCl2), which inhibits the production of ethylene; AgNO3 (SN), which inhibits ethylene action; and Ethephon and the precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), which both promote ethylene synthesis. Leaf explants of each genotype were incubated on shoot induction medium (SIM) supplemented with each of these compounds at 0, 10 or 15 days following bud induction. The results obtained in our assays indicate that ethylene has a significant influence on tomato organogenesis. Concentrations of ethylene lower than the optimum (according to genotype) at the beginning of the culture may decrease the percentage of explants with buds (B), produce a delay in their appearance, or indeed inhibit bud formation. This was observed in S. pennellii and the F1 explants cultured on media with SN (5.8-58.0 µM) as well as in the F1 explants cultured on medium with 21.0 µM CoCl2. The percentage of explants with shoots (R) and the mean number of shoots per explant with shoots (PR) also diminished in media that contained SN. Shoots isolated from these explants were less developed compared to those isolated from control explants. On the other hand, ethylene supplementation may contribute to enhancing shoot development. The number of isolable shoots from S. pennellii explants doubled in media with ACC (9.8-98.0 µM). Shoots isolated from explants treated with ethylene releasing compounds showed a higher number of nodes when ACC and Ethephon were added at 10 days (in F1 explants) or at 15 days (in S. pennellii) after the beginning of culture. Thus, the importance of studying not only the concentration but also the timing of the application of regulators when developing regeneration protocols has been made manifest. An excess of ethylene supplementation may produce an inhibitory effect, as was observed when using Ethephon (17.2-69.0 µM). These results show the involvement of ethylene in tomato organogenesis and lead us to believe that ethylene supplementation may contribute to enhancing regeneration and shoot development in tomato.Response to Reviewers: Dear Dr. Schuyler, Attached please find the revised version of our manuscript TICU5251, "The role of Powered by Editorial Manager® and Preprint Manager® from Aries Systems Corporationethylene in tomato shoot regeneration," which we would like to publish in Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. The revised version has been prepared taking into account your comments and those of the reviewers. Below, we have provided a detailed list of the changes made in response to the reviewers' comments. Looking forward to hearing from you. Best Regards, Carmina GisbertAns...

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Section: Effect On Organogenesis Of Different Doses Of Ethylene Inhibsupporting

confidence: 64%

The influence of ethylene and ethylene modulators on shoot organogenesis in tomato

Trujillo-Moya

Gisbert

2012

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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“…This hypothesis is supported by the findings of Huxter et al (4), who showed that the amount of ethylene evolved from NSF tobacco callus is significantly greater than that evolved from SF callus tissue. Exogenous ethylene supplied to light-grown SF callus significantly reduced the number of calli which formed shoots, depending on the concentration and time of application.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…1). A similar increase in the rate of ethylene production in NSF callus has been reported (4). Both the time-scale of this response (11,16) and the lack of a similar change in SF tissue suggest that the increasing concentrations of ACC in NSF tissue are not the result of wound formation during subculture.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Concentrations in Shoot-Forming and Non-Shoot-Forming Tobacco Callus Cultures

Grady¹,

Bassham²

1982

Plant Physiol.

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Shoot-forming tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. Wisconsin 38) callus tissues contain significantly lower concentrations of the ethylene precursor I-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid compared to non-shoot-forming callus tissues. This difference is evident I day after subculture to shootforming or non-shoot-forming medium, and is maintained through the first week of growth. The lack of auxin in shoot-forming medium is the probable cause for this difference in ACC concentrations.Shoot formation from tobacco callus tissue was first reported by White in 1939 (14). Several years later, Skoog and Miller (12) demonstrated that the relative amounts of exogenously supplied auxin and cytokinin could determine whether tobacco callus remained in the undifferentiated state, or differentiated shoots or roots. Regulation of organ formation from callus by auxins and cytokinins has since been demonstrated with many species, though unfortunately several important crop species (13) remain resistant to attempts to regenerate plants from undifferentiated callus. Furthermore, callus from many plant tissues loses the ability to respond to conditions which normally elict shoot regeneration after only a few months in culture. A thorough understanding of the biochemical events which dictate organogenesis in responsive species, such as tobacco, will elucidate causes for the lack of regenerative ability in other species, and suggests remedies for the problem.Recently, Huxter et al (4) have demonstrated a role for ethylene in maintaining tobacco callus in the undifferentiated state. This gaseous plant hormone has also been shown to mediate callus formation from cultured citrus buds (3), and to inhibit cytodifferentiation in lettuce pith explants (17). While investigating changes in the sucrose metabolism of shoot-forming and non-shoot-forming tobacco callus cultures, we observed significant differences in the amount of ACC,2 the precursor to ethylene, in the two types of tissue. These results are reported here, and are interpreted in light of recent findings on the role of auxin in ethylene production, and of ethylene in shoot development from tobacco callus.

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“…The presence of ethylene was found to be important for embryogenesis from anther cultures of Hordeum vulgaris (6) and flower bud formation from thin-layer explants of Nicotiana tabacum (28). In contrast, shoot regeneration from callus cultures of Helianthus annuus (18) and N. tabacum (10) was inhibited by ethylene. The use of EIs, e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Role of Ethylene on de Novo Shoot Regeneration from Cotyledonary Explants of Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis (Lour) Olsson in Vitro

Chi¹,

Pua²,

Goh³

1991

Plant Physiol.

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The promotive effect of AgNO3 and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on in vitro shoot regeneration from cotyledons of Brasska campestris ssp. peklnensls in relation to endogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase, ACC, and ethylene production was investigated. AgNO3 enhanced ACC synthase activity and ACC accumulation, which reached a maximum after 3 to 7 days of culture. ACC accumulation was concomitant with increased emanation of ethylene which peaked after 14 days. In contrast, AVG was inhibitory to endogenous ACC synthase activity and reduced ACC and ethylene production. The promotive effect of AVG on shoot regeneration was reversed by 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid at 50 micromolar or higher concentrations, whereas explants grown on AgNO3 medium were less affected by 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid. The distinctive effect of AgNO3 and AVG on endogenous ACC synthase, ACC, and ethylene production and its possible mechanisms are discussed.Plants usually exhibit enhanced ethylene production when wounded or under environmental stresses or pathogen attack (31). Ethylene biosynthesis in plants occurs via SAM' and ACC intermediates using methionine as a precursor (31), but the molecular mechanism of its action is not clear. It has been known for some time that cultured plant cells evolve ethylene (1 1 Cotyledonary explants excised from 3-d-old aseptically germinated seedlings of Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis cv Shantung and cv Wong Bok were used. Because our preliminary investigations showed that explants cultured in 50-mL Erlenmyer flasks and 100-x 25-mm Petri dishes exhibited the similar capacity of shoot regeneration, both culture containers were used in this study. Explants were cultured either in a flask containing 25 mL medium or in a Petri dish containing 30 mL medium consisting of all constituents of Murashige and Skoog's medium (16)

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Shoot initiation in light‐ and dark‐grown tobacco callus: the role of ethylene

Cited by 102 publications

References 19 publications

The influence of ethylene and ethylene modulators on shoot organogenesis in tomato

The influence of ethylene and ethylene modulators on shoot organogenesis in tomato

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Concentrations in Shoot-Forming and Non-Shoot-Forming Tobacco Callus Cultures

Role of Ethylene on de Novo Shoot Regeneration from Cotyledonary Explants of Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis (Lour) Olsson in Vitro

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