Shoot Induction in White Eggplant (Solanum melongena L. Cv. Bulat Putih) using 6-Benzylaminopurine and Kinetin

Abstract

Solanum melongena L. commonly known as the eggplant or brinjal comes from the family of Solanaceae, sharing the same ancestor with the tomato and potato. It is an economically important crop worldwide, being well studied for its medicinal properties, nutritional values and its role as an alternative model plant. The eggplant fruit has been previously used for treatments of various diseases such as bronchitis, asthma, arthritis and diabetes as well as its nutritive properties that are beneficial to the human diet. Plant transformation studies on the eggplant have been widely done for the production of transgenic eggplants harbouring genes that are beneficial for optimal plant growth and fruit production. Shoot induction is an essential step required for the successful regeneration of transformed plant tissues and therefore is an essential pre-requisite in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The local eggplant cv. Bulat Putih is a local cultivar of eggplant in Malaysia with white and round fruits making it a potential model plant colour pigment accumulation studies in fruit crops. The current work aims to investigate the shoot induction potential of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Kinetin from cotyledon explants of eggplant cv. Bulat Putih. Results indicated that both BAP and Kinetin were able to induce the regeneration of callus from cotyledon explants. On the other hand, Kinetin at the concentration of 2.0 mg/L successfully induced shoots at the value of 1.50 ± 0.22 shoots per explant, whereas BAP alone did not trigger any formation of shoots. This study indicated that kinetin alone is sufficient to induce shoots in eggplant cv. Bulat Putih without the presence of BAP.

Somatic embryogenesis of hypocotyl derived calli from an eggplant cultivar

“…However, embryogenic calli occurred in 0.25, 0.50, 3.5 and 4 mg l −1 treatments, and no embryogenic calli were recorded in the other two concentrations (4.5 and 5 mg l −1 ). In the study of Foo et al, (2018), the highest shoot formation from the cotyledon explants was induced on Kinetin (2 mg l −1 ) alone (Foo, et al, 2018). In our study, in addition to the best hormone composition selected, BAP alone induced embryogenic calli too while Foo et al (2018), showed that kinetin alone is sufficient to induce shoots from the cotyledon explants (Foo, et al, 2018).…”

“…In the study of Foo et al, (2018), the highest shoot formation from the cotyledon explants was induced on Kinetin (2 mg l −1 ) alone (Foo, et al, 2018). In our study, in addition to the best hormone composition selected, BAP alone induced embryogenic calli too while Foo et al (2018), showed that kinetin alone is sufficient to induce shoots from the cotyledon explants (Foo, et al, 2018). It is likely, different concentrations of auxin and cytokinin hormones in the two tissues caused different results.…”

“…Zayova et al, (2008) reported the highest induction of callus using hypocotyls (63.3%) in the treatment MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg l −1 BAP + 2.0 mg l −1 NAA (Zayova, et al, 2008). In another study, callus induction using cotyledons as explant, the highest callus induction (100%) occurred in some concentrations of Kinetin, BAP and combinations of both (Foo, et al, 2018).…”

“…In addition, the NAA hormone did not induce the embryogenic calli ( Figure 2). Foo et al (2018) revealed that all concentrations of another type of auxin, Kinetin, (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mg l −1 ) induced calli (Foo, et al, 2018). However, only two concentrations (1.5 and 2 mg l −1 ) induced embryogenic calli (Foo et al, 2018).…”

“…The fruit of the eggplant is found in the diet of many people in the world. For this reason, several studies have been carried out on regeneration of this plant through somatic embryogenesis using different explants such as leaf and cotyledon (Foo, et al, 2018), root (Franklin, et al, 2004) and hypocotyl (Statish, et al, 2015). However, it has been shown that plant regeneration can be affected by the cultivar.…”