Shock wave standoff distance of near space hypersonic vehicles

Numerical simulation of hypersonic flow with non-equilibrium chemical reactions around sphere

“…Height of flight has a significant effect on stand off distance. The results computed are in qualitative agreement with the data obtained from the semi-empirical correlation proposed in [10].…”

“…The comparison carried out in [10] shows that the [44] model, which does not take into account the presence of chemical reactions, and the [44] model, which takes into account chemical reactions in high-temperature air, lead to errors of the order of 11.94% and 8.22% relative to the results of numerical simulation. At the same time, the [10] model gives an average error of about 1.27%, which decreases with increasing Mach number.…”

“…This ratio ignores the influence of chemical reactions and leads to rather large errors at high Mach numbers [10]. To take into account chemical reactions, the magnitude of the constant factor changes, and the relationship for the stand-off distance takes the form [44] ∆ D = 0.41 ρ ∞ ρ .…”

“…The approach proposed in [47] allows one to obtain a relation for the standoff distance, the parameters of which are the Mach number and density. The approach is developed in [10], which gives the shock layer thickness as a function of the Mach number and flight altitude, which varies from 25 to 55 km. The high-temperature air model takes into account 9 components (N2, O2, NO, O, N, O + , N + , NO + , e − ).…”

“…The dependence of drag coefficient of sphere is discussed in [6][7][8] in a wide range of Mach numbers. Dependence of standoff distance on Mach number is discussed in [9,10]. A hypersonic flow of a perfect gas around a sphere is considered at Mach numbers up to 20 in [11].…”