Shock Loading of Porous High Explosives

Sheffield, S. A.; Gustavsen, R. L.; Anderson, M. U.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2292-7_2

Cited by 41 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This adds a small amount of uncertainty to the density. Density measured in this way is 1.80 ± 0.01 g/cm 3 which agrees well with pycnometer readings of smaller samples [2].The amount of uncertainty was intentionally over-estimated.…”

Section: Experimental Methodssupporting

confidence: 80%

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Gas gun experiments to measure the shock compression behavior of high performance propellant (HPP)

Sanchez¹,

Gustavsen²,

Gibson³

et al. 2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Section: Experimental Methodssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…However at pressures below ~1.4 GPa the linear U p -U s relationship no longer holds. HPP contains ~1% voids; therefore we believe this non linear behavior is due to the crush out of voids, where as little as 1% void fraction is needed to alter material behavior at low pressure regimes [3]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas gun experiments to measure the shock compression behavior of high performance propellant (HPP)

Sanchez¹,

Gustavsen²,

Gibson³

et al. 2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…In particular, the ORVIS and VISAR wave profiles in this case exhibit significantly longer rise times as well as generally higher amplitude oscillations. The general trend of longer rise times for coarser samples has been previously observed in magnetic gauge studies of shock-loaded sugar and HMX [22] The increased sample heterogeneity arising from grain fracturing during pressing may also contribute to the dispersive nature of the coarser sample. An expanded data base of results on samples with tailored particle size distributions should provide insight into the properties driving dispersive behavior and provide informative tests of the accuracy of mesoscopic scale numerical simulations.…”

Section: Preliminary Results With Tailored Particle Size Distributsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Fig 22). The observed rise time of the diffuse wave is 150-200 ns, slightly faster than that reported by Sheffield et al [22] In contrast to results from the sugar experiments, the 3-D plot in Fig. 29 also displays a slow but systematic increase in velocity subsequent to the initial ramp.…”

Section: Preliminary Experiments On Low-density Hmxcontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…The current understanding of shock loading of porous explosives at the level of continuum measurements has been examined in detail in a recent review by Sheffield et al [22] This review provides a helpful background for the work described here. In magnetic gauge studies of low-density (65-74% TMD) HMX, Sheffield et al have shown that compaction waves at levels below the threshold for reaction in the porous explosive behave in a manner similar to those measured in low-density pressings of sugar.…”

Section: Preliminary Experiments On Low-density Hmxmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dispersive Velocity Measurements in Heterogeneous Materials

Trott¹,

Castañeda²,

O'Hare³

et al. 2000

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In order to provide real-time data for validation of three dimensional numerical simulations of heterogeneous materials subjected to impact loading, an optically recording velocity interferometer system (ORVIS) has been adapted to a line-imaging instrument capable of generating precise mesoscopic scale measurements of spatially resolved velocity variations during dynamic deformation. Combining independently variable target magnification and interferometer fringe spacing, this instrument can probe a velocity field along line segments up to 15 mm in length. In high magnification operation, spatial resolution better than 10 µm can be achieved. For events appropriate to short recording times, streak camera recording can provide temporal resolution better than 0.2 ns. A robust method for extracting spatially resolved velocity-time profiles from streak camera image data has been developed and incorporated into a computer program that utilizes a standard VISAR analysis platform. The use of line-imaging ORVIS to obtain measurements of the mesoscopic scale dynamic response of shocked samples has been demonstrated on several different classes of heterogeneous materials. Studies have focused on pressed, granular sugar as a simulant material for the widely used explosive HMX. For low-density (65 percent theoretical maximum density) pressings of sugar, material response has been investigated as a function of both impact velocity and changes in particle size distribution. The experimental results provide a consistent picture of the dispersive nature of the wave transmitted through these samples and reveal both transverse and longitudinal wave structures on mesoscopic scales. This observed behavior is consistent with the highly structured mesoscopic response predicted by 3-D simulations. Preliminary line-imaging ORVIS measurements on HMX as well as other heterogeneous materials such as foam and glassreinforced polyester are also discussed.4

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Shock Initiation Microscopy with High Time and Space Resolution

Bassett

Johnson

Salvati

et al. 2020

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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We describe studies of shock initiation and shock‐to‐detonation transitions in energetic materials using a tabletop shock compression microscope with nanosecond time resolution and micrometer spatial resolution. Planar input shocks with durations of 4–20 ns are produced using 0–4.5 km/s laser‐launched flyer plates. Emphasis is on measurements of temperature, velocities, pressure, and microstructure using photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV), optical pyrometry and high‐speed videography. Techniques are discussed for fabricating disposable shock target arrays of tiny plastic‐bonded explosives (PBX), liquid and powder explosives, and single‐crystal explosives for high‐throughput studies. Optical temperature measurements of shocked triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) are discussed. Since TATB is yellow, we developed methods to correct for the blue absorption to obtain more accurate temperatures. Hot spots in shocked polymer‐encased HMX (octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine) crystals are observed in real‐time, showing a hot spot produced in a collapsing void that ignites a deflagration. Despite the small dimensions of our explosive charges (typically 1 mm diameter and 250 μm length), we produced reproducible detonation states in solid and liquid explosives using short‐duration shocks near the von Neumann spike (VNS) pressure. We show the VNS pressure is associated with a transition to high‐efficiency gas production from the explosives. In studies of NM, prior to detonation, we see reaction originating at hot spots which coalesce to form a superdetonation.

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Shock Loading of Porous High Explosives

Cited by 41 publications

References 22 publications

Gas gun experiments to measure the shock compression behavior of high performance propellant (HPP)

Gas gun experiments to measure the shock compression behavior of high performance propellant (HPP)

Dispersive Velocity Measurements in Heterogeneous Materials

Shock Initiation Microscopy with High Time and Space Resolution

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